摘要
全球平均气温上升、降水格局变化、极端天气事件发生的频率和强度增大等气候变化现象已经对陆地生态系统产生了影响,物种、群落和生态系统响应于气候变化而发生的改变,可以作为气候变化的间接生物学和生态学证据,对未来气候变化的影响评价有重要的价值,尤其是对减缓和适应全球气候变化的"地球系统科学"研究以及可持续生态系统管理与发展对策的制订,具有重要的意义。在国际气候变化的生物学证据研究的大背景下,总结了中国陆地生态系统响应过去气候变化的植物学信号和生态学证据:(1)物种水平:气候变暖导致中国33°N以北大部分地区植物春季物候期包括萌芽、展叶、开花期等显著提前,植被生长季延长;(2)群落水平:群落物种组成和分布发生改变,主要表现在长白山等高山群落交错带物种组成和林线位置的变化以及青藏高原高寒草甸的退化;(3)生态系统水平:全国总体植被盖度增加,植被活动加强,生产力增加;北方和西部地区农业植被的耕作制度、种植结构、耕种面积和产量发生变化,东北地区水稻种植面积和产量增加,但全国大部分地区农作物产量和温度呈负相关,这将威胁到未来的粮食安全。
Climate changes, including the changes of average air temperatures, precipitation patterns and the frequency and quantity of extreme climate events, have led to some changes in terrestrial ecosystems. The changes in species, communities and ecosystems responding to changed climates could be the indirect biological and ecological evidences （indicators） of climate change. Such evidences are worth to being used to assess the impacts of future climate change,especially for the mitigation and adaptation of global climate change as a key issue of Earth System Sciences and for the sustainable ecosystem management and development. Under the background of global assessment of climate change impacts on ecosystems, China＇ s plant signals and ecological evidences of climate change are synthesized. Results showed that there have been some changes in plant species, communities and vegetation ecosysterns responding to ＂existed＂ climate changes. During the past decades the phonological phases such as leaf unfolding and first flowering of some plants to the north of 33 N latitude have advanced due to climate warming. The growing season of vegetation has been lengthened. The community structure and composition have been changed especially in some vegetation ecotones and treeline areas such as in the Changbai Mountains and in the alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau. Treeline in some mountains shifted up to higher elevation. In total, climate changes have resulted in the increases in vegetation cover, vegetation activity and net primary productivity in the whole country. The agricultural vegetation also have some kinds of changes in cultivated regime, structure, area, and production in the northern and western China. The yields increased only in northeast of China. However, there is a negative relation- ship between agricultural yield and temperature at most regions of China. This might be a potential risk to food safety.
出处
《干旱区地理》
CSCD
北大核心
2007年第4期465-473,共9页
Arid Land Geography
基金
中国气象局气候变化专项(CCSF2006-33)
关键词
气候变化
物候期提前
生长季延长
物种替代
地理分布迁移
林线上移
净第一性生产力增加
climate change
advances of plant phenophase
increase in growing season
species replacement
shifts of geographical distribution
shift-up of treeline
increase in net primary productivity
