摘要
雨水资源是西北黄土高原旱作区农田生产的主要水源。该区域年均雨水（４４３ｍｍ）总量２７５７亿ｍ３，是当前年地表水和地下水用量的９．２倍。因降水时空分布不均，“易失多变”，水土流失和干旱问题严重，降水利用率４０％左右，作物水分利用效率仅３．０～４．５ｋｇ（ｈｍ２·ｍｍ）。人工收集与调配利用雨水，是水土保持和农业生产的一个结合点，是节水农业的一项工程。雨水收集可减轻水土流失，在作物受旱缺水时补充灌溉增产明显，可使降雨叠加增效。人工收集利用雨水在西北历史悠久，有坝、塘、池、井、窖和隔坡梯田等形式，但未形成体系，缺乏统一规划。在技术上，集流。
Rainfall is a main water source for dryland farming in northwestern loess plateau.The average total amount of annual precipitation(443mm) is 2.757×10 11 m 3,which is about 9.2 times of annual surface water and ground water used at present.Because of the uneven distribution on time and space,and “being easy to lose and changable”of rainfall,soil and water loss and drought are seriously.The precipitation use rate is about 40%,the water use efficiency of crops is only 3.0～4.5 kg/(hm 2·mm).The collecting and regulating of rainfall by engineering projects is a link point of soil and water conservation and farming production,it is also a way of water saving agriculture.Not only can it reduce soil and water loss by collecting rainfall,but it can also make rainfall togather to produce great effect on raising yield by irrigating at critical growth stage of crop.There is a long history on collecting rainfall in northwestern region,and there are small reservoirs,dams,pools,wells,terraces separated by slopeland and other ways,water harvesting cellar is more than 1 million.The problem is these ways have not formed a system,and shortage of a good plan.Many problems on rainwater collecting,storing and high efficient use need to be solved.
出处
《水土保持通报》
CSCD
北大核心
1997年第1期54-56,46,共4页
Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation
关键词
黄土高原
水土保持
干旱
雨水
loess plateau region
soil and water conservation
drought
rainwater collecting agriculture
