摘要
通过代内流动表对农民初职、现职和未来职业预期变化的分析结果表明:今后我国农民非农化进程将减慢;最期望流向其他职业的是雇工而不是农民;个体工商劳动者成为了农民向高层流动的“中转”职业;尽管农民的流动人数很多,但都集中在声望值较低的职业之间,流动后的社会地位依然不高。如何加快农民继续向非农职业转移以及促进农民由低层向高层流动是当前亟待解决的问题。转变农民身份的一系列政策在这方面的作用已弱化,使农民具备向上垂直流动的能力才是解决问题的关键。
The critical progress of urbanization in China depends on the transformation of farmers＇ social status. However, in the process of transforming the status of farmers into the status of urban residents, only a few farmers have changed themselves into urban residents by the Chinese government＇s definition of residential right or hukou. The majority of farmers have only changed their farming occupation into non-farming ones. Using the intra-generation mobility table, this paper analyzes the changes in the farmers＇ earlier jobs, present jobs and future career expectations, especially their non-farming transforming process and tendency. The results indicate that a lot of farmers have changed their occupation from their earlier ones, but only a few of them have achieved their career expectations. Therefore, the non-farming transforming process will slow down in the future. Working experience in the non-farming sectors has broadened farmers＇ views and induced their desires to move to more decent jobs with their own capacities. It is the employed workers and not the farmers who have the highest career expectations and hence more likely to take occupations. When other jobs. Self-emp the occupation mobil oyed workers are a link between low-tier and high-tier ty route is gradually shortened, middle-tier occupation will work as a deck for farmers to move toward to high-tier occupations. Although a lot of farmers have job mobility, most of them are engaged in low-level occupations and don＇t have high social status.
It＇s a long way for farmers to leave the rural areas and get decent occupations in the urban areas. Therefore, accelerating farmer＇s shift to non-farming jobs and promoting their mobility from low-tier occupations to high-tier ones are urgent issues. Although some policies aiming at changing farmers＇ status——the reform of household registration system, for example——have successfully freed farmers from the farming land and let them have low-tier non-farming jobs, the role of these policies have gradually been weakened. While expanding farmers＇ Chances of employment in the non-farming sectors, it is worthwhile paying attention to the farmers＇ capabilities in having better employment.
出处
《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
CSSCI
2007年第2期110-117,共8页
Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences
基金
教育部人文社科重大资助项目(05JJD810004)
关键词
农民
非农化
职业流动
farmer
non-farming
occupation mobility
