摘要
应用大气采样罐采样技术和色谱-质谱联用（GC—MS）技术，对广州市环境空气、交通道路、城市隧道和汽车尾气中55种挥发性有机物（VOCs）的组分及其质量浓度水平进行测试，并研究了广州市机动车VOCs排放特征．结果表明：①城区环境空气质量本底观测点白云山摩星岭的大气样品中ρ（VOCs）数量级为10^-1～10^1μg／m^3，其中烷烃类、烯烃类、乙炔和单环芳香烃类平均质量浓度分别为13．97，15．15，6．16和43．27μg／m^3．市区主要交通干道（东风中路、环市中路和新港西路）旁空气样品的ρ（VOCs）数量级为10^1-10^2μg/m^3，其中烷烃类、烯烃类、乙炔和单环芳香烃类最高质量浓度相应比环境本底质量浓度高约20～30倍．②在怠速条件下检测了摩托车、出租车、大客车、轻型卡车、小轿车和公交车等6种新车和在用车型VOCs的排放，其组成和质量浓度因机动车类型、功率和燃料不同而不同，一般功率越大VOCs排放越严重，ρ（VOCs）数量级大致为10^-1～10^3mg／m^3，为交通干道空气ρ（VOCs）的1000倍以上．其中LPG车具有最高的烷烃类、烯烃类和乙炔排放量，测试样品的ρ（VOCs）分别为815．79～2001．66，696．84～1799．10和53．87～416．13mg/m^3．而柴油车排放的VOCs远远低于其他燃料车型．③通过对广州珠江隧道连续48h的监测，研究了隧道内交通特征、微气象特征和VOCs组成及其质量浓度水平，能够计算出广州机动车55种VOCs化合物的平均排放因子．
Utilizing canisters for sampling and GC-MS for analyzing, the authors measured fifty kinds of volatile organic compounds （VOCs） in ambient air, main roadside, city tunnel and motor vehicle exhaust, analyzed Guangzhou motor vehicle＇s emission character in detail. The result showed： （1） The lowest daily VOCs average concentration was observed in the range of 10^-1～10^1μg/m^3 in background site in Baiyun Mountain in Guangzhou, among which the alkanes, alkenes, acetylenes and benzenes were 13.97, 15.15,6.16 and 43.27 μg/m^3 separately. VOCs average concentration at main urban roadsides such as Dongfeng Road, Huanshi Road and Xingang Road arrived in the range of 10^1 ～ 10^2μg/m^3 , among which the alkanes, alkenes, acetylenes and benzenes were as 20 ～ 30 time as Baiyun Mountain. （2） On the idle running condition, motor vehicles exhausts including motorcycles, taxies, light duty trucks, heavy duty trucks, passenger cars and buses were measured. The VOCs concentration of exhaust samples was in range of 10^-1～10^3 mg/m^3 , which changed with motor vehicle＇s type and power and fuel type. The LPG motor vehicles had the highest emission of alkanes, alkenes and acetylenes with range of 815.79～2 001.66, 696.84 ～ 1 799.10 and 53.87 ～ 416.13 mg/m^3 respectively. The diesel cam had lowest VOCs exhaust. （3）By Guangzhou Pearl River Tunnel test with 48 h sampling for VOCs, traffic character and tunnel wind, the emission factors of 55 VOCs of motor vehicle for were calculated.
出处
《环境科学研究》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2006年第6期75-80,共6页
Research of Environmental Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(40575059)
广东省自然科学基金资助项目(5300458)
暨南大学人才引进项目
