摘要
农村流动人口已经成为我国性病艾滋病预防干预的重点人群。为了探讨流动人口所存在的性病艾滋病高危性行为,以及保护动机(Protection Motivation)对性病艾滋病高危性行为的预测作用,研究选取2201名从农村到北京打工已有3个月的流动人口为被试,采用问卷调查的形式,要求其自己报告初始性行为发生的时间、性伙伴的数量、商业性行为、性伙伴的性行为、安全套的使用,对我国性病艾滋病严重程度的评估,以及所拥有的性病艾滋病症状知识和传播知识。对904名已发生性行为的流动人口的统计分析发现:(1)农村流动人口存在较多的高危性行为,男性流动人口的高危性行为明显多于女性流动人口;(2)保护动机对农村流动人口的性病艾滋病高危性行为具有明显的预测作用,其中的外在奖励、内在奖励、反应效能和反应代价与农村流动人口的性病艾滋病高危性行为的关系更为密切。研究揭示,保护动机理论可以作为我国今后开展农村流动人口性病艾滋病高危性行为预防干预工作的一个基础。
Introduction
With the Economy reform and innovation in China since 1980s, more and more people moved from rural areas to cities to seek opportunities. Now, there are more than 120 millions rural-to-urban migrants in China. They face many social and personal problems （ such as separating from their family） in the city. Some studies reported that the migrants had more chances than non-migrants to engage in the high risk sexual behavior. The rural-to-urban migrants are becoming one of the mostly concerned targets in STD/HIV （Sexually Transmitted Disease/Human immunodeficiency Virus） prevention in China.
The Protection Motivation Theory （PMT） has been applied as an effective theoretical foundation for STD/HIV prevention in West. However, PMT has not been tested in empirical studies in China. The objective of this study was to explore the high risk sexual behaviors of STD/HIV among rural-to-urban migrants and the prediction of the protection motivation （PM） to such behaviors. We made three hypotheses. First, the rural-to-urban migrants would have many high risk sexual behaviors. Males would have more high risk sexual behaviors than females. Second, there would be a significant relation between the fatalness of the sexual behavior and PM, i.e. the higher the fatalness of the sexual behavior, the higher intrinsic rewards, extrinsic rewards, and response costs, and the lower the perceived severity, perceived vulnerability, self-efficacy and response efficacy. Third, PM would predict the migrants＇high risk sexual behaviors.
Method
With a self-administrated anonymous questionnaire, 2201 participants who had been working on 14 occupations in Beijing for more than 3 months were asked to report the time of their first sexual behavior, multiple sexual partners in life, and within the past month, commercial sexual behavior, sexual behavior of their sexual partners, condom using, evaluation of severity of STD/HIV in China, knowledge of STD/HIV symptom and transmission, and PM appraisal. The participants were selected based on the officially reported occupation distribution of the migrant. The participants were ask to sign an informed consent before they filled in the questionnaire, and were paid for their work after they had finished the questionnaire.
Results
Data analysis showed that there were 904 rural-to-urban migrants who had some sexual experiences. Further data analysis suggested that： （1） migrants had many high risk behaviors： 67.4% had sexual behavior before marriage, 31.0% having multiple sexual partners in their life and 6.8% within the past month, 9.4% had commercial sexual behavior, and males＇high risk sexual behaviors were significantly more than females, （2） PM significantly predicted STD/HIV high risk sexual behaviors, and higher sexual risk was associated with perceptions of higher extrinsic reward, Intrinsic rewards, response costs, and lower perceived severity, perceived vulnerability, self-efficacy and response efficacy.
Conclusions
PM can predict all of the high risk sexual behaviors such as the condom using, taking part in commercial sexual behaviors, the first time of the sexual behavior, the number of sexual partners and sexual behaviors of the sexual partner. The results indicated that PMT might be applied as a practical theory for prevention of STD/HIV high risk sexual behaviors among rural-to-urban migrants.
出处
《心理学报》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2006年第6期877-885,共9页
Acta Psychologica Sinica
基金
美国国立卫生研究院(NationalInstituteofHealth)资助项目"中国年轻流动人口艾滋病性病预防研究"(No.1R01MH64878)
关键词
农村流动人口
性病艾滋病
高危性行为
保护动机理论
rural-to-urban migrants, STD/HIV, high risk sexual behavior, Protection Motivation Theory.
