摘要
南方土壤由于长期脱硅富铝化过程,土壤中全硅和有效硅的含量均较低,研究硅对提高中国花生的产量对和品质有重要意义。田间试验研究结果表明:花生施用硅肥后,花生增产效果明显,其中以结荚期施用硅肥增产效果大,增产效果在13.5%￣25.6%之间,平均增产达20.1%;从施用成本和增产效果综合分析,建议在热带砖红壤地区花生硅肥施用量为30kg/hm2(SiO2);不同时期施用硅肥对百果重和百仁重的影响效果不同,总的来说低水平的硅[30kg/hm2(SiO2)]的效果好于中高水平。仅在结荚期施用30kg/hm2硅提高花生的百仁重;在下针期和结荚期施用30kg/hm2可提高百果重;基施(30kg/hm2)提高产量的主要原因是增加了单株结荚数;花生施用硅肥后对花生仁的脂肪含量没有明显的影响,花生施硅适宜于食用型品种;花生施用硅肥能明显降低花生成熟期植株的全氮含量;对磷的影响则表现为,基施硅肥90kg/hm2可提高植株中磷的含量,而结荚期追施150kg/hm2的处理降低植株中磷的含量;对钾的影响则表现为复杂的规律,其机理需进一步研究。
The content of total and available silicon in soil because of the forming process in south china are lower than that need to plant, study on silicon yield effect of peanut has great significance. The results of field trait are showed bellow： there is distinct effect of increasing yield after silicon is employed to soil, and the greatest increasing effect is in legumen forming stage, 13.5%-25.6%, 20.14 by average. The recommend quantity of silicon in tropic brick red soil is 30kg/hm^2 by analysis the cost and employing effect. To hundred-pod weight and hundred-seed weight, there are different results in different stage employing, but the best effect is the level of 30kg/hm^2. There is increasing effect of hundred-pod weight employed only in legumen forming stage and with the level of 30kg/hm^2, and the level of 30kg/hm^2 also have increasing effect for hundred-seed weight in acicula forming and legumen forming stage. Foundation fertilizer with 30kg/ hm^2 level increasing the quantity of per plant; employing silicon has no significant effect on fat concentration, so silicon is applicable to edible species. Employing silicon make significant descend of plant nitrogen, significant increasing of plant phosphorus only with level of 90kg/hm^2 applying before planting, decreasing of that only with level of 150kg/hm^2 employing in legumen forming period, and no distinct effect with others levels. Comprehensive effect of plant potassium, and that should do better in future.
出处
《中国农学通报》
CSCD
2006年第11期432-435,共4页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
海南省自然科学基金项目"硅对海南甘蔗增产效应及其机理研究"(30132)
关键词
南方花生
硅肥
增产效应
粗脂肪
植株NPK
South china Peanut, Silicon, Fertilizer, Yield effect, Crude fat, Plant NPK
