摘要
湿草地是终年积水或季节性积水的天然草地．在我国湿草地觅食、或栖息、繁殖的国家一类保护鸟类１８种、国家二级保护水禽有４０余种，还有上百种属于中日、中澳候鸟保护协定规定保护的鸟类．根据８０年代全国首次统一草地资源调查结果，中国有可供水禽，徙禽栖息、繁殖的沼泽、沼泽化草甸、低湿地草甸、高寒沼泽化草甸等各类湿草地２４００×１０４ｈｍ２，其中大部分有水禽分布．湿草地是我国各地产草量最高，载畜力最高，利用率较高的草地类型，大多是割草场或牲畜越冬的重要冬春放牧场．本文简述了随着人口和牲畜密度的增加，人们对湿草地的利用日益加重，不断地干扰、侵占、缩小水禽栖息地的状况，以及农业部兴建的有关珍稀水禽栖息的湿草地自然保护区概况，提出了加强湿草地的合理利用与管理，保护水禽栖息的良好生态环境的建议．
etrangeland refers to natural rangeland perennially or seasonally accumula.ted with water. According to the First National Rangeland Resources Survey,veral types of wetrangeland including marsh,marsh-meadow,lowland meadowand alpine marsh--meadow are identified as habitats and reproduction places formigratory and water birds.Of the total 24 million ha of wetrangeland in China,the majority are inhabited by waterbirds.Of them 18 species are categoried asthe first grade national protected birds and over 40 species as the second gradenational protected birds. About 100 species of birds are listed on the Sino--Japanese or Sino--Australian Agreements on the Protection of Migratory Birds inhabitedand reproduced in these wetrangelands.Wetrangelands are among those with thehighest hay yield,highest carrying capacity,and highest utilization rate in China.Most of them are mowing rangeland or important winter and spring rangelandfor livestocks overwintering.With increase of both population and livestock density,the utilization rate of these wetrangelands is increasing.Morever,the areaof the waterbirds inhabited places is decreasing due to human interference andinvasion of the rangeland.Suggestions concerning the strengthening rational utilization of the rangeland and wetrangelans,rational utilization and management ofwetrangelands and eco-environmental protection are raised accordingly.
出处
《自然资源》
CSCD
北大核心
1996年第1期55-63,共9页
