摘要
床土培肥是培育水稻机插秧苗的首要措施。在不同类型床土条件下对培肥水平与床土速效氮磷钾增加的关系及育秧过程中的肥力消耗进行了分析。结果表明,通过添加速效肥料进行床土培肥,随培肥量增加床土速效氮磷钾含量迅速增加,速效氮的增加呈指数关系,高培肥处理的增幅大于低培肥处理,丘陵土的增加快于冲积土;速效磷含量随培肥水平的提高直线上升,床土类型间有显著差异,丘陵土快于冲积土;速效钾的增加趋势与速效磷相似,但增速在不同床土间几近相同。育秧过程中速效养分的消耗也各具特点,总的趋势是高培肥水平下高消耗,速效氮消耗快于速效磷和速效钾。一定肥力范围内,秧苗株高和地上部干物质随床土培肥水平的升高而增加,通过床土培肥措施可以有效地调控秧苗株高。但根/冠比随培肥水平增加而下降。只有在合适的肥力指标范围内,才能育成适宜形态和地上、地下部生长均衡的健壮机插秧苗。
Seedbed soil fertilizing is one of the key measures for raising mechanical transplanting rice seedling. The relationship of fertilizing levels to the increase of available N, P, K in seedbed soil and their uptake during seedling growth were analyzed, using alluvial soil and hill-paddy field soil as seedbed soil, fertilizing the seedbed soil with 10-10-5 compound fertilizer, with Wuyujing 3 as material. The results showed that contents of available N, P, K were increased quickly by application of inorganic fertilizer. The increase of available N exhibited an exponent curve, and was higher under high level of fertilization than under low level, and was faster in hill soil thao in alluvial soil. Available P content was increased linearly with the increase of fertilizing level, there was significant difference between soil types, and the increased velocity in hill soil was more quickly than that in alluvial soil. The trend of increase in available K content was similar to that in P, but the difference of increased velocity between different types of soil was not significant. After the seedlings grew and consumed, the uptake of nutrients in seedlings was high under a higher fertilizing level of available N, P, K during raising. The available N in seedbed in all treatments was highly correlated with fertility level before fertilizing, indicating that the use of available N by seedling was affected by the fertility level of seedbed soil. The consumption of available P was increased linearly with the increase of the fertilizing levels, and significant difference was found among seedbed soil types. The consumption of available K was similar to that of available P, but it was consistent among different soil types. The seedling growth on various fertilizing levels was observed. The data showed that seedling height was increased while root/ shoot ratio was reduced with the increase of the fertilizing level within a suitable range. From the above results, we can conclude that fertilizing the seedbed can increase available N, P, K contents rapidly, but the characteristics are different and closely related to the soil types. Only within the range of suitable fertilizing level, the strong seedlings with the suitable shape and root/shoot ratio for mechanical transplanting can be raised.
出处
《作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2006年第9期1384-1390,共7页
Acta Agronomica Sinica
基金
农业跨越计划(2001-26)
国家粮食丰产科技工程(2004BA520A03)
关键词
机插水稻
育秧
床土
肥力
秧苗质量
Mechanical transplanting rice
Seedling-raising
Seedbed soil
Soil fertility
Seedling quality
