摘要
卢梭《社会契约论》对人民主权原则的论证分为两步,以第2卷第7章为中界线,前面揭示其“主权———公意———公共利益”三位一体的道德内涵,后面阐释其实践的政治法平衡结构“主权者———政府———臣民”。本文尝试解读后者,主要关心三个问题:其一,在卢梭的体系中政府和主权者是什么关系?其二,如何维持政治体的平衡?其三,理想主义的平衡结构对于现代代议制民主的相关性是什么?研究表明,卢梭用他的连比例“主权者:政府=政府:臣民”把人民主权推到了逻辑的终点,为民主政治确立了一个完美的理想主义范型。尽管几乎是不可能实现的,但他的理想范型为正确理解代议制民主的有限性提供了一个批判的标准,并提醒我们隐藏在现代政治制度根源上的主权危机。
The articulation of the core principle of popular sovereignty in Rousseau＇s Social Contract is ba- sically undertaken in two steps： First, to illuminate the moral implications of popular sovereignty in terms of the trinity of ＂sovereignty - general will - public interest＂; Second, to explicate the practical dimension in terms of the structure of balance of the political law, i.e., ＂sovereign - government - subject＂. The dividing line in the text lies roughly in Chapter VII of Book II. This article attempts to interpret the latter part by posing three questions： How is the government connected to the Sovereign People as an acting body？ How to maintain balance in the body politic？ What is the relevance of Rousseau＇s idealist balance structure to modern represent- ative democracy？ The interpretation demonstrates that by introducing his continuous proportion of ＂sovereign ： government = government ： subject＂ Rousseau has pushed the sovereignty of the people to the end of its logical course, and provided a perfect idealist paradigm of democracy. Unrealistic though it is, his paradigm serves as an absolute criterion of criticism upon modern representative democracy and as a warning of the potential crisis of sovereignty latent in modern political systems.
出处
《政法论坛》
CSSCI
北大核心
2006年第5期145-165,共21页
Tribune of Political Science and Law
关键词
政治法
平衡
卢梭
人民主权
Political Law
Balance
Rousseau
Popular Sovereignty
