摘要
塔里木河流域由水引起的生态恶化,在我国内陆河流中具有代表性。研究表明:塔里木河流域近40 a源流来水量呈增加趋势,特别是近10 a增加更为明显。说明随着全球气候的变化,塔里木河源流区的水情得到好转。但在近10 a源流补给干流的水量增加不足1×108m3/a,特别是干流沿程各站点的径流量仍呈显著的线性递减趋势,表明塔里木河源流连续10 a的丰水期,并没有改变干流环境恶化的局面。在此基础上,总结塔里木河流域水资源利用存在的主要问题,并提出塔里木河流域水资源可持续利用的基本对策。
Being the largest continental river basin in China, the Tarim River Basin is a typical continental river basin in arid area, and its catchment area is 1.02 × 10^6 km^3. In the river basin there are 42 counties and cities of 5 prefectures and autonomous prefectures and 55 farms of Xinjiang Corps of Production and Construction. The population in 1998 was 8.25 × 10^6, and the river basin is one of the most important bases of oil, cotton and grain production in Xinjiang and even in whole China. However, there are some serious problems in redistribution of water resources, land desertification and soil salinization and alkalization. Ecological degeneration become more and more serious. In this paper, the water resources utilization and its variation in the Tarim River Basin are analyzed. The results show that the inflows from the headstreams of the Tarim River are in an increase trend since recent 40 years, especially since recent 10 years, which reveals that the regimen of the headstreams turns into a favorable trend. However, the annual recharge from the headstreams to the mainstream of the Tarim River increased by less than 1.0 × 10^8 m^3 only in recent 10 years. The annual runoff volumes at 4 hydrological stations along the mainstream are in a significant linear decrease trend, and the ecological degeneration in the mainstream area of the Tarim River is not improved yet although the headstreams are in a continuous high-water period in recent 10 years. Based on above results, the main problems and challenges of water resources utilization in the Tarim River Basin are analyzed, and some measures are put forward for achieving the sustainable utilization of water resources in the river basin.
出处
《干旱区研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2006年第3期388-392,共5页
Arid Zone Research
基金
中国科学院西部之光
中科院知识创新项目
国家自然科学基金项目(30470329)资助
