摘要
目的:分析辽西地区农村汉族儿童的体型发育规律和特点,为体质人类学补充必要数据。方法:于2001-07/2003-09按整群分层抽样法抽取辽西地区绥中县明水乡中心小学、锦州市太和区营盘乡营盘小学、盘锦市盘山县第二小学经学校正常体质检查证明身体健康的汉族学生为检测对象,年龄7～13岁,监护人均知情同意。按性别分两大组,每大组按年龄分7小组,每岁为1组,搜集资料完整者733名,男397名,女336名。采用Heath-Carter体型法,共10项指标,即身高、体质量、上臂紧张围、小腿围、肱骨和股骨内外上髁间径、肱三头肌皮褶、肩胛下皮褶、髂前上棘皮褶、腓肠肌皮褶,每项指标测量2次,取平均值。测试数据按年龄和性别在微机中建立数据库,依次计算出各年龄组的内因子、中因子和外因子,体型图上的X,Y坐标值,身高/体质量1/3,样本中平均体型点到所有体型点空间距离的均数,三维空间中两个体型点间的差异,体脂百分比及各类体型分布频数。结果:733名儿童全部进入结果分析,无脱落。①7～13岁儿童身高、体质量随年龄的增加而增长。身高/体质量1/3指数各年龄组女孩和男孩平均值相同。体脂含量女孩>男孩。3个体型值中男孩在3.2～4.0、1.6～2.6、3.0～4.0,女孩在3.5～4.6、0.8～2.6、3.2～4.1,所以男女以内因子、外因子为主,女孩内因子>男孩。②男女各年龄组间体型比较,7～,8～,9～,10～,11～,12～,13～14岁三维空间中两个体型点间的差异值分别为0.46,0.67,1.03,0.54,0.76,0.30,0.93,除7～,12～,13～14岁组外,其余各年龄组男女间体型差异有显著性意义(t=2.66～3.58,P<0.05)。③辽西地区农村汉族男孩的平均体型值为3.6-2.1-3.6,属外胚层-内胚层均衡体型,女孩平均体型值为4.0-1.9-3.5,属偏外胚层的内胚层体型。男孩和女孩的内因子和外因子占优势,中因子值偏低,随着年龄的增长,体型频数不断变化。④与国内外资料相比,辽西地区农村汉族儿童内因子偏高,中因子偏低,外因子相差不多。结论:辽西地区农村汉族儿童体脂发育较好,身材修长,但骨骼肌肉欠发达,儿童的体型发育随年龄增加呈多变倾向。
AIM： To analyze the rules and characteristics of somatotype development of Han children in western rural area of Liaoning Province, so as to supplement essential data for physical anthropology.
METHODS： According to cluster stratified sampling, Han children aged 7-13 years were selected from Central Primary School in Mingshui Village of Suizhong County, Yingpan Primary School in Yingpan Village of Taihe District in Jinzhou and Second Primary School of Panshan County in Panjin between July 2001 and September 2003. Subjects that selected were healthy in physical examination, whose guardians agreed with the items, and divided into two groups firstly, and then subdivided into 7 small groups, differences in age among groups was one year. 733 children with complete data were collected including 397 males. 336 females. Heath-Carter somatotype method adopted included 10 indexes such as body height, body mass, tensive circumference of upper arm, calf circumference, diameter of epicondyle inside and outside humeral bone and femora, skinfolds of triceps brachii, subscapularis, anterior superior and gastrocnemius muscle. Each index was measured twice and average value was calculated. A database was established in computer according to age and gender. Endomorphic factor, mesomorphic factor, ectomorphic factor, height/mass, values of X and Y on somatotype chart, Height/Weight, mean of dimensional distances from the average somatotype to all sontatotypes in samples, difference between the two somatotypes in three-dimensional space, percentage of body fat and frequency distribution of each somatotype were calculated.
RESULTS： All the 733 children entered the final analysis. ①Height and body mass of children aged 7-13 years increased as the age going up. Average value of index of Height/Weight were the same in boys and girls of each group. The content of body fat in girls were more than those in boys. 3 somatotype values were 3.2-4.0, 1.6-2.6, 3.0-4.0 in boys and 3.5-4.6, 0.8- 2.6, 3.2-4.1 in girls. Thus endomorphic factor and ectomorphic factor were the main factors in girls and boys, and endomorphic gene in girls was higher than boys. ②Comparison in somatotype of boys and girls among groups, differences between each two somatotypes in three dimensional space of 7-, 8-, 9-, 10-, 11-, 12- and 13-14 year groups were 0.46, 0.67, 1.03, 0.54, 0.76, 0.30 and 0.93 respectively. Except 7-, 12-, 13-14 year groups, there were significant differences in somatotype between boys and girls among each age group （t=2.66-3.58 ,P 〈 0.05）. ③The average value of somatotype of Han boys in western rural area of Liaoning Province was 3.6- 2.1-3.6, which belonged to eetomorph-endomorph balanced type; That of girls was 4.0-1.9-3.5, which belonged to ectomorphic endomorphic type.Endomorphic factor and ectomorphic factor of boys and girls were in dominance, whereas mesomorphic factor was relatively low; The frequency of somatotype kept on changing as the increased of age.④Compared with data abroad, the endomorphic factor of the Han children in western rural area of Liaoning Province was relatively high, while the mesomorphic factor was relatively low, and the ectomorphic factor was almost the same. CONCLUSION： Body fat of the Han children in western rural area of Liaoning Province develop better, Children are slender whereas their skeletal muscles are not strong enough. Somatotype development of children is diversified with the increased age.
出处
《中国临床康复》
CSCD
北大核心
2006年第20期7-9,共3页
Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(39960032)~~
