摘要
为研究湘江水环境污染对人体健康产生的危害风险,在简要介绍健康风险评价方法及国内外研究、应用进展的基础上,建立了水环境健康风险评价模式,应用2000年的水质监测资料,对湘江干流主要断面进行了水环境健康风险评价。结果表明,在所评价断面中,非致癌物质由饮水途径所致健康危害的个人年风险按大小排列为Pb>Hg>NH3>酚;化学致癌物质由饮水途径所致健康危害的个人年风险按大小排列为As>Cd;化学致癌物质对人体健康危害的个人年风险远超过非致癌物质;污染最为严重的为松柏断面,其次是五星断面和三叉矶断面。湘江干流衡阳以上江段水质良好,衡阳以下江段水质较差。研究对湘江干流水污染防治方略的制定具有一定价值。
The present paper introduces the author＇s research of the water environmental health risk assessment for the main reaches of Xiangjiang River, the most important river areas in Hunan province, based on the model for water environmental health risk analysis recommended by USEPA and the monitoring data in the year 2000, The result of the research shows that the greatest health risk to the individual person per year in terms of non-carcinogens through drinking is Pb, followed by Hg. And the greatest health risk for individual person per year in terms of carcinogens are As and Cd which are higher than the standard 5.0 × 10^-5 a^-1 recommended by ICRP. Thus it can be seen that the health risk for the individual person caused by chemical carcinogens is far greater than non-carcinogens, to which must be paid much greater attention. Another fact found from the experiment is that the water quality of Xiangjiang River above Fengxi in Zhuzhou proves better, but that of Xiangjiang River lower than Zhouzhu proves worse. The most heavily polluted section is Songbai section in Hengyang. Its greatest health risk to individual person per year can be ten times as high as the standard value recommended by ICRP, which are in the sections at Xiawan in Zhuzhou, Wuxing sec- tion in Xiangtan and Sanchaji section in Changsha, twice higher than the value recommended by ICRP. Thus, it can be seen that the reach of River Xiangjiang from Hengyang to Changsha are the key to the water pollution control and treatment of the whole River. The application experiment results show that the assessment models can both describe quantitatively and qualitatively the seriousness of the pollution on the public health and the risk of the entire social environment. Though the Environmental Health Risk Assessment （EHRA） is not required in the environmental assessment for the time being in China, it should be included in the environmental assessment. Therefore, the EHRA is a new assessment method.
出处
《安全与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
2006年第2期12-15,共4页
Journal of Safety and Environment
基金
湖南省软科学研究计划项目(04ZH3068)
湖南省教育厅科学研究项目(02C229)
湖南省重大水利科技项目(05SL04)
关键词
环境质量监测与评价
水环境
健康风险评价
模型
湘江
environmental quality monitoring and assessment
water environment
health risk assessment
model
Xiangjiang River
