摘要
目的:观察冷、热环境下游泳运动员和非运动员生理和内分泌指标的变化,以及这些变化对人体免疫系统的影响。方法:实验于2003-04进行。①选择年龄16～24岁的男性游泳运动员和非运动员各7名,先进行10min干蒸桑拿浴(室温在100℃左右,湿度为22%),在桑拿浴结束40min之后,再进行22～24℃的冷水浴10min,要将头露在水面之上。②在进行桑拿浴之前(安静值),桑拿浴和冷水浴结束后5,10,40min分别记录心率、口腔温度和血压。③实验前一天上午及桑拿浴和冷水浴结束抽静脉血测定疫球蛋白和自然杀伤细胞、白细胞、激素水平变化。结果:14名受试者全部完成测试进入结果分析。①心率变化:非运动员组和运动员组桑拿浴和冷水浴后5,10min较安静时明显加快(P<0.001,0.05),非运动员组显著高于运动员组(P<0.05)。②口腔温度:桑拿浴后5min两组较安静值增高,冷水浴后5min两组较安静值降低(P<0.05),至刺激后10min,运动员组已经恢复至安静值,非运动员组仍未恢复(P<0.05)。③血压:收缩压:运动员组桑拿浴后5min下降(P<0.05),冷水浴后5,10,40min均上升(P<0.05),非运动员组无变化;舒张压:桑拿浴后5,10min两组均下降(P<0.05),运动员组至40min时仍低于安静值(P<0.05),冷水浴后5,10,40min运动员组持续升高(P<0.05),而非运动员组无变化。④血中激素变化:两组血浆血管紧缩素Ⅱ和高血压蛋白酶在桑拿后有明显提高;而在冷水浴后却下降(P<0.05)。⑤白细胞计数以及白细胞分类:两组在冷、热刺激后与安静时比差异不显著(P>0.05),但非运动员组桑拿和冷水后白细胞计数较游泳运动员要多,此外,非运动员的单核细胞比例也很高。⑥两组在冷、热刺激后与安静时比免疫球蛋白水平差异不显著(P>0.05),非运动员在桑拿浸冷水后自然杀伤细胞比例下降比较明显(P<0.05)。结论:炎热和寒冷有免疫刺激作用,但单独一次桑拿、浸冷水后免疫系统的变化不十分明显,而且在生物学特征上也不清晰。
AIM： To observe the changes of physiological and endocrine indexes in swimming athletes and non-athletes under coldness and hotness and their influence on human immune system. METHODS： The experiment was performed in April 2003. ①Seven male swimming athletes and seven male non-athletes aged of 16-24 years took a 10-minute sauna firstly （at the room temperature of about 100℃ with the humidity of 22%） and then took a 10-minute cold shower of 22-24℃ 40 minutes after sauna with heads above the surface, ②Heart rate （HR）, oral temperature and blood pressure were respectively recorded before sauna （quiet magnitude） and 5, 10, 40 minutes after sauna and cold shower. ③ Changes in levels of plagued globulin, natural killer cells, leukocytes and hormone were measured through venous blood （VB）. RESULTS： A total of 14 testees were involved in the analysis of results, determinations on which were performed. ① Changes of HR： It was obviously accelerated in athlete group and non-athlete group 5, 10 minutes after sauna and cold shower, which were much quiet （P 〈 0.001, 0,05） and that in the non-athlete group was markedly higher than that in the athlete group （P 〈 0,05）.② Oral temperature： 5 minutes after sauna, quiet magnitudes of both groups were increased, which decreased 5 minutes after cold shower （P 〈 0.05）, that in the athlete group recovered to quiet magnitude 10 minutes after the stimulus, while that of non-athlete group hadn＇t turned back （P 〈 0.05）.③ Blood pressure： Systolic blood pressure （SBP）： It decreased in the athlete group 5 minutes after sauna （P 〈 0,05） but went up 5, 10 and 40 minutes after cold shower, there were no changes in the non-athlete group; Diastolic blood pressure （DBP）： It descended in both groups 5, 10 minutes after sauna （P 〈 0.05）, which in the athlete group decreased below quiet magnitude in the 40^th hour （P 〈 0.05）, however, it kept on soaring in the athlete group 5, 10 and 40 minutes after cold shower （P 〈 0.05）, there were no changes in the non-athlete group.④ Changes of hormone in blood： plasma angiotensin II and hypertensinase in the two groups were remarkably elevated; While that decreased after cold shower （P 〈 0.05）.⑤Leukocyte count and differential count： Differences in that after caloric stimulation and that in quiet between two groups were not remarkable （P 〈 0.05） but leukocyte count in non-athlete group after sauna and cold shower were more than that in swimming athletes. Moreover, the proportion of mononuclear cells in non-athletes were higher. ⑥Differences in level of immune globulin in two groups after caloric stimulation and in quiet were not marked （P 〈 0.05） and ratio of natural killer cells in non- athletes after cold shower decreased significantly （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： There are immunostimulations in both coldness and hotness but changes of immune system are not remarkable after once sauna or cold shower and the biological characteristics is not clear neither.
出处
《中国临床康复》
CSCD
北大核心
2006年第12期34-36,共3页
Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation
