摘要
重金属污染的植物修复技术以其费用低廉、不污染环境等优点一度成为环境科学界研究的热点。为了克服植物修复技术中超积累植物生长缓慢和地上部生物量小等带来的限制,近年来研究者通过大量试验研究发现,外源基因在植物体内的高效表达可以提高植物吸收、运输、降解污染物的能力和修复的效率。本文首先对目前国内外重金属污染土壤植物修复的研究动态进行综述,重点论述了PCs、MTs、MerA、MerB、ArsC、γ-ECS等转基因在土壤重金属污染植物修复中的应用,最后指出在充分考虑到转基因植物给生态环境带来潜在威胁的前提下,转基因技术的研究与开发不仅可以促进多学科的交叉研究和丰富环境科学的研究领域,更重要的是在很大程度上有效地克服了目前土壤重金属污染植物修复中存在并急需解决的棘手问题,为土壤重金属污染的植物修复提供了更加广阔的应用和发展前景。
Soil pollution by heavy metals has become a global problem that urgently needs to be solved. Compared with traditional technologies for recovery of polluted soil by heavy metals, phytoremediation technology exhibits advantages, such as low cost, environment protection and easy acceptance to public, thus attracting much attention from scientific community. But finding hyperaccumulative plants from wild habitats has proven to be difficult and is limited by low biomass, short growth season and geographical distribution of the plants. So there are difficulties in extension of this technique. Improvement of plants by genetic engineering opens up new possibilities for phytoremediation. Evidences have shown that high-level expression of transgenes in plants stimulates absorption, translocation and degradation of contaminated substances, thus increasing the remediation efficiency. The paper reviews the recent developments in phytoremediation of soil contaminated with heavy metals in China and abroad and describes in detail the mechanisms and applications of the transgenic, such as PCs, MTs, MerA, MerB, ArsC, γ-ECS and so on, in phytoremediation for soil contaminated by heavy metals. Finally it may be suggested that application of gene technology is an important aspect of phytoremediation because it not only accelerates the research of various subjects and enriches the research field of environmental science, but also overcomes some inextricable problems of the traditional technologies for recovery of polluted soil by heavy metals. It is also very important to realize that the transgenic plants would damage the health of people.
出处
《生态环境》
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第6期976-980,共5页
Ecology and Environmnet
基金
江苏省社会发展项目(BS2003029)
关键词
重金属
植物修复
转基囚技术
土壤
heavy metals
phytoremediation
transgenic technology
soil
