摘要
全球气候变暖对新疆气候产生了较大的影响，在升温的背景下从20世纪80年代以来本区的降水量、冰川储量、地表径流、地下水资源发生了较大的变化：全区降水总量增加，冰川物质平衡以负平衡为主，局部地区地表径流量明显增加。对比分析不同地区降水量的变化情况，发现新疆不同地区的降水量变化情况存在明显差异，且尚难判断全区降水量是否有稳定增加的趋势。通过对已有资料的分析计算，对比冰川加速消融和降水量增加对本区地表径流增大的贡献，表明引起局部地区地表径流显著增加的主要原因是冰川加速消融。气候变暖打乱了本地的水平衡，使本地洪水和干旱灾害有加剧趋势。
The Tianshan Mountains divide Xinjiang into two parts, i.e., south Xinjiang and north Xinjiang. Precipitation in south Xinjiang is less than that in north Xinjiang, and the average annual precipitations in south Xinjiang and north Xinjiang are 123.9 mm and 244.0 mm respectively. Vapor bringing about precipitation in south Xinjiang comes mainly from the Pacific Ocean, but that in north Xinjiang comes mainly from the Atlantic Ocean and the Arctic Ocean. Xinjiang has the most modem mountain glaciers in the regions with middle latitudes in the world, in which 403, 9 081 and 7 694 glaciers are located in the Altay Mountains, Tianshan Mountains and Kunlun Mountains, their glacial reserves are 16 km^3, 1 012 km^3 and 1 283 km^3, respectively, and the glaciers are the main recharge sources of rivers in Xinjiang. As global warming, the climate in Xinjiang also turns warm steadily and its change is more significant than global climate change. Thus, the significant change in precipitation, glacial reserves and surface water and groundwater resources has occurred in Xinjiang since the 1980s. In general, the precipitation is increased, the glacial mass balance is dominated by negative one, and the surface runoff volumes are significantly increased in some regions. After analyzing the change of precipitation in the different regions, it is reveals that the change of precipitation is obviously different from the different regions, and it is difficult to judge whether the precipitation in whole Xinjiang will be continuously increased or not. The analysis and calculation of the available data reveal that the significant increase of surface runoff volumes in some regions is mainly brought about by the obviously increase of glacial melt water, then by the increase of precipitation. Climate warming affects the local water equilibrium in Xinjiang, which results in the frequent occurrence of both floods and droughts.
出处
《干旱区地理》
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第5期597-602,共6页
Arid Land Geography
基金
国家自然基金(40371023)资助
关键词
气候变化
冰川变化
物质平衡
径流量
climate change
glacier change
mass balance
runoff volume.
