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规则顺序与规则类型对儿童规则推理的影响 被引量：2

Effects of Rule Orders and Types on Children's Rule-based Reasoning
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摘要 学前儿童时期是各种推理能力产生和发展的重要时期.本研究采用Frye和Zelazo等(1996)所设计的'二进二出'装置,设置了规则顺序、规则类型的规则推理任务,采用个别实验法,研究了90名3～4岁儿童规则推理能力的发展.在本研究条件下,结果发现:1.当规则呈现顺序不同时,儿童规则推理成绩差异显著,先呈现哪个规则,则利用这个规则进行推理的成绩就较好;2.不同规则类型下儿童的推理成绩差异极其显著,竖直规则下的推理任务更容易;3.3.5～4岁是儿童二维合取规则推理能力发展的快速期. This experiment studied the development of rule-based reasoning in 90 3- to-4-year-olds using a ramp apparatus with two input holes and two output holes. The results revealed that （1） children performed better in across-rule-based reasoning if the across rule was used first; （2） there was an effect of rule types, and straight-rule-based reasoning was easier than across-rule-based reasoning; and （3） children＇s rule-based reasoning developed rapidly at the age of 3.5 to 4.
作者 龚银清 李红 方美玲
机构地区 湖州师范学院教育科学与技术学院 西南师范大学心理学院重庆市基础心理学重点实验室 湖州市第三幼儿园
出处 《心理科学》 CSSCI CSCD 北大核心 2005年第6期1318-1323,共6页 Journal of Psychological Science
基金 国家自然科学基金项目30370488的部分工作
关键词 规则推理 规则顺序 规则类型 认知发展 rule-based reasoning, rule orders , rule types, cognitive development
分类号 B842 [哲学宗教—基础心理学]
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参考文献14

  • 1龚银清,李红.学前儿童二维合取规则推理能力的发展[J].华东师范大学学报（教育科学版）,2004,22(4):48-52. 被引量：2
  • 2Douglas D, Frye D, Zelazo P D. Inference and Action in Early Causal Reasoning. Developmental Psychology, 1996(32) :120 - 131.
  • 3Dempaster F. The rise and fall of the inhibitory mechanism:Toward a unified theory of cognitive development and aging.Development Review, 1992(12) : 45 - 75.
  • 4李红,郑持军,高雪梅.推理方向与规则维度对儿童因果推理的影响[J].心理学报,2004,36(5):550-557. 被引量：17
  • 5Zelazo P D, Frye D. An age- related dissociation between knowing rules and using them. Cognitive Development,1996, ( 11 ) :37 - 63.
  • 6Wimmer. H. , Perner, J. Beliefs about beliefs; Representation and constraining function of wrong beliefs in young children's understanding of deception. Cognition, 1983, ( 13 ) : 103 -128.
  • 7Perner, J. , Leekam, S. R. , & Wimmer, H. Three - year olds' difficulty with false belief; The case for a conceptual deficit . British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 1987,(5) ;125 - 137.
  • 8Flavell. J. H. , Flavell, E. R. Green, F. L. Development of the appearance-reality distinction. Cognitive psychology, 1983,(15) :95 - 120.
  • 9Frye D, Zelazo P D, Brooks P et al. Inference and action in early causal reasoning. Developmental Psychology, 1995,(32) :120 - 131.
  • 10王儒芳,李红.影响学前儿童规则推理的因素研究综述[J].学前教育研究,2004(1):21-24. 被引量：5

二级参考文献27

  • 1李浙生.皮亚杰关于儿童因果观念的思想[J].北京社会科学,1987(1):63-67. 被引量：2
  • 2方富熹.关于儿童因果关系认知发展研究述评[J].心理科学进展,1986(3):21-26. 被引量：4
  • 3李红,郑持军,高雪梅.推理方向与规则维度对儿童因果推理的影响[J].心理学报,2004,36(5):550-557. 被引量：17
  • 4Zelazo,P.D.,Frye,D.,& Rapus, T. An age-related dissociation between knowing rules and using them. Cognitive Development, 1996(11):37-63.
  • 5Zelazo, P.D., & Frye, D., Cognitive complexity and control:The development of executive function in childhood. Current Directious in Psychological Science, 1998(7):121-126.
  • 6Frye, D., Zelazo, P.D., Brooks, P.J., & Samusls, M. C. Inference and action in early causal reasoning. Developmental Psychology,1996(32):120-131.
  • 7Perner, J., & Lang, B. What causes 3-year-olds' difficttlty on the dimensional change card sorting task? Infant and child Development,2002(11):93-105.
  • 8Gerstadt, C. L., Hong, Y.J. & Diamond, A. The relationship between cognition and action:Performance of children 3.5-7 years old in a Stroop like day-night test.Cognition, 1994(53):129-153.
  • 9Diamond, A., Kirkham, N., & Amso, D. Conditions under which young children can hold two rules in mind and inhibit a prepotent. Developmental Psychology, 2002(38):352-362.
  • 10Kirkham, N., Cruess, L., & Diamond, A. Helping children apply their knowledge to their behavior on a dimension switching task.(Submitted for publication).

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心理科学
2005年 第6期

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