摘要
苎麻花叶病症状有花叶、绉缩、畸形等３种类型，其中以花叶型为主．经测定，病株比健株矮２５．０９％～３６．２７％，茎粗减少２３．２６％～２５．２６％；叶面积减少３６．１５％～７０％，原麻重减少２８．５０％．系统观察表明，苎麻出土即可出现症状，发病盛期头麻为４月中旬至５月上旬；二麻为６月下旬至７月上旬；三麻为８月中旬．气温１５～２６℃时证状最明显，３５℃以上基本不表现症状．品种间抗性差异显著，钾肥有减轻病害的作用，加强培育可减轻发病．该病不能通过汁液摩擦，桃蚜（Ｍｙｚｕｓｐｅｒｓｉｃａｅ）、棉蚜（Ａｐｈｉｓｇｏｓｓｙｐｉｉ）、种子、病叶及土壤传病，只能通过种根、腋芽及粉虱传播．
Observations revealed that there existed three types of symptom in the ramiecalocos as mosaic,chlorisis and malformation omony in which the main type was mosaic.The test result thowed that the diseased plants were 25.09%～36.27%shorter in length,23.26%～25.26%less in stem thickness,36.15%～70%less in the leaf area and 28.50%less in crude fiber weight than the healthy plants.Observations also revealed that the diseasesymptoms appeared when the ramie had just come out of soil,but the serious development ofthe dissease was in April or May for the Ist crop,in June or July for the 2nd crop and in Au-gust for the 3rd crop.In respect of temperature,the symptom appeared most seriously at 15～26℃ but not appeared above 35℃. There were significant differences between varieties inthe resistance to disease. Potassium fertilizers and improved field management obviouslyeased the development of the disease. The dissease did not infect plants by sap,aphid,breed,seeds,diseased leaves and soils but by roots,side buds and Bemisia.
关键词
苎麻
花叶病
发生规律
boehmeria nivea
mosaic disease
pests occurrence rule
