摘要
对鲈形目科、底栖生活、凶猛肉食性的鲑点石斑鱼 (Epinephelusfario)和大眼鳜 (Sinipercakneri)鳃的结构进行扫描电镜观察。结果表明 ,两种鱼鳃的表面结构和微细结构与其他硬骨鱼类基本相似 ,鳃丝表面都具有规则或不规则分布的环形微嵴、沟、坑、孔等结构 ;然而两者的鳃小片都较高 ,表面更加凹凸不平 ,是对低溶氧环境的适应。鲑点石斑鱼的鳃丝表面一部分较为平坦 ,另一部分则凹凸不平 ,其鳃小片高度也高于大眼鳜 ,因而具有更大的表面积和较高的摄氧效率。在扫描电镜下能在鲑点石斑鱼和大眼鳜的鳃上分辨出扁平上皮细胞、氯细胞和粘液细胞 3种细胞 :前者鳃上的扁平上皮细胞界限清楚 ,而后者的界限模糊且表面遍布不规则的微嵴 ;前者的鳃丝和鳃小片上氯细胞的数量明显多于后者 ,两者细胞形态也存在差异 ;而鳃丝表面的粘液细胞的数量则是后者较多。两种鱼鳃上的细胞的形态结构及数量分布存在的差异 ,可能与前者生活于海水而后者生活于淡水的不同生活环境有关。
Gills were operated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in Epinephelus fario (Thunberg) and Siniperca kneri Garman,both of which belong to Serranidae,Perciformes,and benthic living and ferocious predatory fishes.The results indicate that the surface architecture and ultrastructure of gill of two species of fishes are similar to other teleosts.They show the presence of various features such as regular and irregular circular microridges,indentations,micropits and crevices.However,their secondary gill lamellaes are rather higher and their surfaces much more concave and unevenness.It maybe acclimates to lower dissolve oxygen in the bottom of water.Some surface architecture of gill filaments of E.fario are smoothness,the others are concave and unevenness.The height of secondary gill lamellaes of E.fario is higher than that of S.kneri,so the formers surface area is larger and respiratory efficiency better than the latters. Three kinds of epithelial gill cells,i.e. pavement cell,chloride cell and mucous cell in E.fario and S.kneri can be distinguished under SEM:The limit of pavement cells in the former is well defined by long and circular microridges,but in the latter characterized by irregular microridge throughout the cell surface,with unclear definition of cell boundaries;The number of chloride cells of the gill filament and lamellar in the former is higher than in the latter,and the morphology of chloride cells of both fishes are different;The number of mucous cells of the gill in the former is lower than in the latter.Those differences may be related to inhabit environment and mode of life of two species.The former live in seawater,while the latter live in fresh water.
基金
广东省重大科技兴海项目 (A2 0 0 0 5 1A0 3 )
