摘要
鉴于农业生态系统健康与人类、社会、经济、环境等具有密切的关系 ,从区域尺度出发 ,提出区域农业生态系统健康的概念、评价指标体系及其相应度量方法 ,并采用专家评判标准赋值法对各指标进行了标准量化。认为农业生态系统存在不健康、亚健康和健康 3种状态 ,在这 3种状态下各指标的属性判断值分别是 1、5和 10 ,并以山东省禹城市为例进行了实证分析应用。结果表明 :从 1980年到 2 0 0 0年 ,禹城市农业生态系统总体上表现为由不健康状态经过亚健康状态 ,目前处在向健康状态的过渡阶段 ,综合健康指数由 4上升为 6。其中 ,结构特征在由亚健康状态向健康状态过渡中又转变为亚健康状态 ,是因为资源可供性和结构多样性向不健康状态转变所致 ;生产功能特征表现为由不健康过渡为亚健康进一步向健康状态过渡 ,其中生态效率有向不健康转变的趋势 ;抗逆特征表现为由亚健康向健康过渡的趋势 ,而其中自生产力已表现为不健康状态。
the Agro-ecosystem health at different spatial and temporal scales is closely related with human, society, economy and environment. It is a new emerging field of agro-ecosystem research. Although many researchers did many studies from different aspects, there is no consensus of its definition and no quantitative measure has been available for its assessment at present. By reviewing literatures and special investigation, this paper defines the agro-ecosystem health on a regional dimension of county level, shows the assessing indicator system and the measure of every indicator of them, also the calculation method of aggregate index of agro-ecosystem health is proposed.The Agro-ecosystem health could be considered as a collective concept. Briefly speaking, a healthy agro-ecosystem means a good condition for sustainable development. Due to the characteristic of the nested hierarchy structure of agro-ecosystem, it should be defined specially at different spatial dimension and temporal dimension. A healthy agro-ecosystem on a regional dimension of county level can be understood as a harmonious unification of resource security, food safety and environmental protection. The healthy agro-ecosystem should performance as following: it should have a rational structure and good function, it should have the capability to resist to both natural disasters and socioeconomic risks, it should perform good service and to meet the rational demands of all stakeholders. From practical point of view, a healthy agro-ecosystem should use agricultural resources efficiently, capture better economic benefits, improve surrounding of both living and working, at the same time no harmful pressure to adjacent ecosystem.The indicator system for assessing the health of a regional agro-ecosystem of county level needs to integrate ecological factors with socioeconomic aspects, because it is influenced by both the ecological process and the socioeconomic components with human values. A general framework of the indicator system is set up according to some principles in the paper. The overall objective of the framework is to discover the status of a regional agro-ecosystem health. At first, it is categorized three groups of indicator: the structure, the productive function and the stress-resistance of agro-ecosystem. The first group would be used mainly to examine the condition of resources and components of agro-ecosystem, which includes resource availability, accessibility, diversity and integrity. The second group would be used mainly to reflect how to match the aims of stakeholders, which includes productivity, efficiency, effectiveness and equitability (equity). The third group would be used mainly to investigate the relationship between agro-ecosystem development and environment, which includes self-productivity, stability, resilience and capacity to respond. Then, the three groups are secondly disassembled to several sub-group indicators, which are also analyzed continuously, step by step, till to measurable indicators.In order to do quantitative assessment of agro-ecosystem health, it also needs to know the health criterion of every indicator clearly. In this paper, the reference criterions of agro-ecosystem health indicators at regional dimension are suggested by the approach of experts' evaluation. The status of a regional agro-ecosystem was differentiated into three cases: unhealthy, sub-healthy and healthy, and their corresponding indexes of indicators are 1, 5, and 10 respectively. Special explanation is that, as for stability indicators, there are only two cases, and it is healthy as long as grain yield and agricultural value per unit land are not decreased, otherwise unhealthy. Whereafter, by using the Analytic Hierarchy Processing (AHP) to get the weight coefficient of every indicator and every group, then calculate the aggregated health indexes of the regional agro-ecosystem by means of weighting sum.Yucheng county of Shangdong province in the North China Plain was taken as a case study. The result shown that the agro-ecosystem of Yucheng Count
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2004年第12期2740-2748,共9页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家"十五"科技攻关资助项目 ( 2 0 0 1BA5 0 8B0 3 )
中国科学院"十五"农业资助项目 ( NK10 5 -A-0 1)~~
关键词
农业生态系统
健康
指标体系
评价
agro-ecosystem
health
indicator system
assessment
