摘要
根据长江流域1960~2001年42a间109个气象站的雨量资料和大通、宜昌水文站(分别为全流域、上游控制站)同期的流量资料,分别计算了全流域和上游年、季、月平均面雨量、流量的变化趋势及其相关性,分析了雨量对干流流量影响,发现:①全流域面雨量,冬、夏季显著增加,秋季显著减少,全年为弱增加趋势,主要发生在1、6、9月;而上游仅秋季明显减少,夏、冬季呈弱增加趋势,全年无变化,主要发生在1、9月。②大通流量,为冬、夏、年季显著增加,秋季无变化,主要发生在1~3、7~8月;宜昌流量仅秋季明显增加,冬、夏季为弱增加趋势,全年无变化,主要发生在1~2、10月。③全流域或上游的面雨量与同期流量均为显著正相关,尤其是年、春夏季,主要发生在全流域的1~8月、上游的3~11月。④全流域所有月份、上游1~3、10、12月面雨量与下月流量的相关性均比同期更好,表明流量对雨量的响应有一定的时空滞后性。
According to the rainfall data of 109 meteorological stations in 42 years from 1960 to 2001 and discharge data of Yichang and Datong hydrological stations (respectively as upstream and basin-wide control stations) in corresponding periods, the average annual, seasonal and monthly area rainfalls were computed and the discharge variation tendency, discharge-rainfall correlativeness and influence of rainfall on discharge were analyzed, it was discovered that: ① the basin-wide area rainfalls in winter and summer significantly increase but decrease significantly in autumn and increase slightly for the annual basin-wide rainfall, mainly occurring in January, June and September;the upstream area rainfalls in autumn significantly decrease and increase slightly in summer and winter and no change for annual upstream area rainfall, mainly occurring in January and September; ② the average winter, summer and annual discharges at Datong station increase significantly and no change for average autumn discharges, mainly occurring in January-to-March, July, August; the average autumn discharge at Yichang station increase significantly and average winter and summer discharges increase slightly and no change for average annual discharge, mainly occurring in January, February and October; ③ the basin-wide and upstream area rainfalls have positive relation with corresponding discharges, especially for average annual, spring, summer, mainly occurring in January-to-August for basin-wide area and in March-to-November for upstream area; ④ the correlativeness of monthly area rainfall and next monthly runoff of basin-wide in all months of a year and upstream area in the periods of January-to-March and October, December are stronger than the rainfall-discharge correlativeness of corresponding periods, which means that influence of rainfall on runoff possesses some lagging effect in time-spatial.
出处
《人民长江》
北大核心
2005年第1期22-23,30,共3页
Yangtze River
基金
"十五"国家科技攻关项目(2001BA611B)
全国水资源综合区划气候变化专题
湖北省新世纪高层次人才择优项目共同资助
关键词
面雨量
流量
相关分析
时空差异
水文分析
长江上游
area rainfall
discharge
correlative analysis
time-spatial difference
hydrological analysis
the upstream of the Yangtze river