摘要
我国改革开放以来旅客运输迅速发展,空间分布格局发生了重要变化,与我国区域社会经济发展有着十分密切的关联。利用空间运输联系理论和实证分析方法,对于旅客生成特征、区域差异及其原因进行的分析表明:20世纪80年代以来全国以及各地区的旅客生成密度大幅度增长。同时,省级区域旅客生成密度分布格局发生了明显的变化;省级区域旅客生成密度的相对差距20世纪80年代上升、90年代有所下降;高客运密度区从相对均衡分布变为向南方区域倾斜。这种变化的主要影响因素有三:经济增长、人口流动和交通网发展。
The pattern of passenger flows is one of the indicators reflecting spatial transport linkages. This paper examines the features, regional disparity and dynamics of passenger flow patterns in China since the 1980s. The post-reform period has witnessed clear changes in regional patterns of the average travel frequency per capita (TFPC, hereafter) in China. The major changes are: (1) the TFPC has been continuously rising in the fast-growing southeastern coastal provinces, including Zhejiang, Guangdong, Fujian and Hainan, and the ranking of these provinces in terms of TFPC has also gone up gradually; (2) the ranking of northeastern provinces (i.e. Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang) in terms of TFPC has fell down; (3) the TFPC of southern provinces with a big population has increased significantly, and among them Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou and Hunan registered a faster increase rate than national average; and (4) the TFPC of provinces in North China and the Northwest has remained at a comparatively low level. The relative disparity in provincial TFPC increased significantly in the 1980s while it narrowed down in the 1990s. One spatial features among other is that more and more southern provinces registered a high TFPC. The major factors leading to rapid growth of passenger flows are: (1) economic growth, which is the primer factor generating demands of people for various kinds of travel. The higher the income of people in a region is, the higher their travel frequency is, and the longer their travel distance is; (2) labor flow, which makes the low-income provinces have a high TFPC because of the huge out-flows of rural surplus labor into the fast-growing coastal regions; and (3) improvement of transport infrastructures, which enables people to travel more and longer.
出处
《地理科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2004年第4期385-391,共7页
Scientia Geographica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金重点项目<中国区域发展地学基础综合研究>40131010。
关键词
空间运输联系
旅客生成规律
spatial transport linkages
passenger flows
