摘要
根据降水对径流的影响,利用假设统计检验法对黄河上游干流唐乃亥和支流洮河、湟水河、大通河四个流域——即刘家峡以上黄河主要干支流流域,近30年来的降雨径流变化趋势进行了分析与检验。为探讨流域蓄水特征和产流特征变化,考察总径流量变化趋势,分别对枯季径流、汛期径流、年径流及相应时段降水做了同步分析,并分区域探讨了降水和径流的变化趋势及其变化原因,得出黄河上游径流在这四个流域有减少的趋势,但程度各不相同的结论。湟水和大通河在降水和径流方面的变化均不显著,洮河流域降水减少最为明显,且下游减少最为厉害。在径流方面,洮河汛期径流量变化趋势不同于降水,人类用水量的行为已改变了径流序列的时程变化特性。唐乃亥降水特性有所变化,但更为突出的是枯季径流显著减少,对造成此现象的原因尚需进一步调查研究。
According to the effect of climate on runoff, this paper adapts method of hypothesis testing to investigate the changes of the quantity of precipitation, runoff and the trends of theirs during last 30 years in three rivers: Tao River, Huangshui River, Datong River, the tributary rivers of upper Yellow River and in Tangnaihai basin. Meanwhile to study features in basin storage and runoff yielding and flow concentrating of the catchments, the tests are applied for each of the catchments to quantity of duration runoff in dry season, flood season and to annual runoff and corresponding duration precipitation. The causes of the change are also discussed in this paper. The analysis results indicate that the quantity of runoff of all basins has decreasing trend with different levels. The changes of the quantity both of precipitation and runoff of Huangshui and Datong River are not notable, meaning that statistically natural hydrologic conditions in these two basins keep no change. The quantity of precipitation on Tao River basin decreases remarkably, and most seriously at its downstream region. In aspect of runoff, the trend of the quantity of flood season on Tao River basin is different from that of precipitation. It is inferred that human activities have changed the feature of temporal distribution of runoff. Although a slightly changed precipitation appears in Tangnaihai catchment, the decreasing trend of low water runoff quantity is outstanding. Why that happed need to be investigated and studied further yet.
出处
《水土保持学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2004年第1期96-99,共4页
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
国家"973"重点基础研究发展规划项目(G19990436)
国家自然科学基金项目(50079021)
