摘要
基于演化交易成本框架透视,美国大学与国家实验室关系的演化史,是一体化到混合治理结构的制度变迁史。美国依托大学建立与管理国家实验室的形成和维持以"二次世界大战"和"冷战"为背景,是因历史特定性而产生的独特制度安排。"管理权竞标制度"等一系列规制政策的出现,促成了美国大学与国家实验室的关系转变,这种关系建基于曾经的一体化治理,正在转向混合治理,路径依赖是转变前后的两种治理结构在美国时下并存的原因。在美国,大学与国家实验室的关系变迁是"进行时",中国借鉴美国建设国家实验室乃至大科学中心,要注意这种转向,形成超越传统美国模式的后发优势。
With the perspective of evolutionary transaction cost,it is shown that the relational evolution history of American university and national laboratory reveals a from-integration-to-hybrid governance structural changing history. Due to historical specificity,the integrational governance structure( IGS) adopted by universities and laboratories,formed and maintained at the background of World War II and Cold War,is a unique institutional arrangement for the U. S. A.. The enforcement of'competing contract'helps to establish the hybrid governance structure( HGS). In the U. S. A.,the IGS is now turning into HGS,path dependence is the reason why IGS and HGS are coexisting at the present time. China should be aware when she is using IGS for reference to establish National Lab or even the Big Science Center. China should make use of the second-mover advantages to surpass IGS and create her own HGS.
出处
《科学学研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第6期815-823,共9页
Studies in Science of Science
关键词
演化交易成本
治理结构变迁
国家实验室
大科学
evolutionary transaction cost
governance structure change
national laboratories
big science
