摘要
近年来,西双版纳的人工橡胶林面积不断扩张,逐渐凸显出不良的生态影响。本文基于已有的大量研究结果,从生物多样性、水分、土壤、景观格局、病虫害等5个方面对橡胶林产生的不良影响进行了综述和分析。结果显示,大面积种植橡胶林后,热带雨林生态系统的生物多样性、保持水土能力、土壤质量均有明显下降,热带雨林景观出现较为严重的破碎化和片段化,病虫害出现大面积爆发。针对以上分析,建议改造胶园,提高橡胶林的生物多样性;限制橡胶种植面积,并提供技术支持;对橡胶产业发展实施生态补偿费政策;加快林下经济发展,提高橡胶林的综合效益。
In recent years,the negative ecological impacts gradually emerged as the rubber plantation has been increasingly expanding in Xishuangbanna Region. The negative impacts of rubber plantation on biodiversity,water resource,soil,landscape pattern,and pest diseases were generally summarized and analyzed in this paper. The analysis showed that a large scale of rubber plantation in Xishuangbanna resulted in the obvious decrease of biodiversity in tropical rainforest eco- system,weak eco- function of soil and water conservancy,significant reduction of soil nutrients and more frequent pest and diseases outbreak with serious economic loss. At the same time,rubber plantation evidently accelerated fragmentation of tropical rainforest ecosystem,and would result in the homogeneity of the landscape. Based on the above analysis,the paper recommended to improve the biodiversity in the ecosystem by reducing monoculture of the rubber plantation,restrict the rubber area expansion and provide the farmers with technical supporting,implement the policy of eco- compensation on rubber industry,and accelerate development of understory plantation to achieve integrated benefits for rubber plantation.
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第S2期304-307,共4页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
中央民族大学“985工程”项目(编号:98508-01300401)
“111引智创新计划”(编号:098-1010140201)
关键词
西双版纳
橡胶林
热带雨林
生态影响
Xishuanagbanna
rubber plantation
tropical rainforest
ecological impacts
