摘要
采用等离子体光谱分析技术研究了珠江广州江段水体沉积物与悬浮物中２７种元素的含量和赋存形态特征．在沉积物中，强烈迁移型元素（Ｎａ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ、Ｓｒ等）含量比长江、黄河明显偏低，排序为黄河＞长江＞珠江；迁移累积型元素（Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｔｉ、Ｖ、Ｃｒ、Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｕ等过渡元素及Ａｌ、Ｐ、Ｌｉ等）介于长江与黄河之间，排序为长江＞珠江＞黄河；Ｋ、Ｂａ等元素含量则与长江、黄河相近．该江段的不同河段沉积物中元素含量变异系数较大，特别是某些污染元素达５０％以上．各元素的形态分布有一定规律，Ｌｉ、Ｎａ、Ｋ、Ｒｂ、Ｂｅ、Ａｌ、Ｇａ、Ｔｉ、Ｖ及Ｎｂ元素基本以残渣态存在，占总量的９５％以上；Ｆｅ、Ｓｃ、Ｖ、Ｃｒ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｏ等过渡元素及Ｐ、Ｂａ、Ｐｂ、Ｙ等元素的残渣态比例在６０％～８５％范围内，还有较大比例的铁锰态及有机态或碳酸盐态；Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｃａ和Ｍｎ的残渣态含量比例最低，均在５０％以下，在非稳定态中Ｃｕ以有机态为主，Ｍｎ和Ｚｎ以铁锰态及碳酸盐态为主，而Ｃａ则以碳酸盐态及可交换态为主．在悬浮物中大部分元素的含量与形态分布变化趋势与相应江段的沉积物相似，但其含量值均比沉积物有明显偏高，残渣态比例均有偏低，非稳定态特别是可交换态比例有?
Concentration and speciation of 27 elements in sediments and suspended matter from Guangzhou section of the Pearl River were analyzed using ICP MS. In the sediments, the concentrations of mobile elements, such as Na, Ca, Mg and Sr, are higher than those of the Yangtze River and Yellow River. The concentrations of immobile elements, e.g. Fe, Mn, Ti, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Al, P and Li, are between those of the Yangtze River and Yellow River, and the concentrations of K and Ba are similar to those of the two rivers. The coefficients of variations of the elemental concentrations in the ediments are rather high. Especially, some of them are more than 50%. Li, Na, K, Rb, Be, Al, Ga, Ti and Nb mainly reside in the residual form, with more than 95% of this form from the total concentrations. Most of the transitional elements, such as Fe, Sc, V, Cr, Ni and Co, and P, Ba, Pb, Y have the precentages of the residual form ranging from 60% to 85%, together with rather amounts of Fe/Mn oxide or carboate forms. Cu, Zn, Ca and Mn have the lowest amount of the residual form, which are lower than 50%. The non residual forms of Cu are predorminated by organic form. Mn and Zn mainly reside in the Fe/Mn oxide and carbonate forms. Ca mainly exists in the carbonate and exchangeable forms. In the suspended matter, concentrations of the elements under study are higher than those in the sediments, and the percentages of the residual form are lower than those in the sediments. The non residual forms, especially the exchangeable form, of the elements in the suspended matter are higher than those in the sediments, which shows that the elements have higher potential mobilities in the suspended matters than in the sediments.
出处
《应用基础与工程科学学报》
EI
CSCD
1999年第1期16-24,共9页
Journal of Basic Science and Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金
中国科学院"百人计划"基金
关键词
珠江
元素
沉积物
悬浮物
地球化学特征
the Pearl Rvier, element, sediments, suspended matter, geochemistry
