摘要
中国西南地区的青铜兵器,除了剑与戈以外,斧、钺是较普遍的两种。斧、钺数量多,使用时间长。本文拟根据西南地区出土和收集的青铜斧钺,就其类型、年代、分布、起源以及古代居住在西南一带各民族之间的关系等问题,进行初步的研究。为了研究的便利,首先对斧钺的区分标准作一简单的说明。在古籍中,斧、钺常常联称并用,无明确的区分标准。目前学术界对斧钺的区分和定名也无统一的标准,时常见到斧钺定名不一、斧钺之名混用。为了避免引起误会,根据我们的观察,并遵从大多数考古报告定名的惯例,斧、钺大致可按如下标准区分:
The bronze axe and yue-battle-axe of ancient southwestern China were tools and weapons indigenously developed with certain influence from the Shang culture, bearing strong local colour and unique style.
The bronzes can be divided into three major types: the Bashu, the Dian, and the Yelang. Those from modern Guizhou Pronvince have their own characteristics, but owing to the scarcity of available data, no detailed account of them can be given at present. As for the nomadic peoples of Kunming and dun (雋), judging from archaeological finds, they may have not used the bronze yue.
The cultural sources of the bronzes are testimony of the cultural spread and interflow between bronze cultures of this region and between them and ones of adjacent areas. The dissemination of bronze culture in the region was then realized through the migrations of different nationalities, with the direction mainly from north to south. The plateaus of western Sichuan and western Yunnan were the main passage through which the exchanges and spread were carried out.
The bronze yue of ancient southwestern China was mainly used either for war or religious ceremonies, and the bronze axe as a tool. Practicality and decorativeness were two characteristics of these bronzes.
出处
《考古学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
1989年第2期161-185,共25页
Acta Archaeologica Sinica
