摘要
While the industry has produced sugar-derived ethanol from the conventional method of fermentation for hundreds of years,other effective routes involving the direct transformation of carbohydrates still remain extremely rare.Very recently,an innovative chemo-catalytic method driven by the aqueous-phase catalysis was created for the synthesis of cellulosic ethanol,making a great breakthrough in the common ways as it can theoretically utilize all of the carbon atoms in sugars with faster kinetics;up to now,results from the relevant studies have been accumulated to a certain extent,but the periodic conclusions in this field are unfortunately absent.For this reason,this work tries to offer an overview of the cellulosic ethanol produced by chemo-catalytic routes,highlighting the present knowledge in relation to the technical efficiency,catalytic mechanisms as well as practical applications.At first,the advanced progress on the increasing efficiency from a varied type of catalytic systems are extensively discussed,which involves the specific functions of hybrid components from different strategies;meanwhile,the general influences of processing conditions,such as the hydrothermal severity and aqueous environments,are also identified.Subsequently,possible mechanisms behind the chemo-catalytic processes are widely elaborated by analyzing a number of experimental cases associated with the reaction network and its kinetic models.After that,the actual effects of this technique on the real biomass are collected to identify the positive/negative interactions between multiple components,together with the potential solutions on the semi-continuous processes of pilot scale application.The techno-economic analysis(TEA)is also calculated and compared with other similar methods,such as fermentation and gasification.Finally,several proposals aimed at upgrading the whole chain of chemo-catalytic processes are clearly provided,which may function as a guideline for future studies on the production of bio-ethanol from lignocellulosic materials.
基金
the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFB4201804)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52236010)
the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2242022R10058)
Jiangsu Provincial DoubleInnovation Doctor Program(No.JSSCBS20220178)
