摘要
通过对贸易增加值分解模型进行要素报酬层面的扩展,本文基于上下游视角构建了国内劳动报酬份额和劳动嵌入深度的测算模型,利用世界投入产出数据库(WIOD)的国际间投入产出表对2000—2014年各国劳动要素在全球价值链中的分工地位进行了综合考察。研究发现,15年间出口中的国内劳动报酬份额出现全球性下降,而中国以金融危机为拐点呈现先下降后上升的独特U型轨迹,国内劳动报酬份额从2000年的35.58%降低至2007年的30.12%,下降的主要原因来自进口中间品和国际资本的双重挤压,在金融危机以后又迅速回升至40.68%,其中,电子及光学设备制造业的提升幅度最大,相关产业"微笑曲线"形态的变化体现了中国劳动要素分工地位的改善。发达国家在劳动嵌入深度上优势明显,且在研究期间保持不断上升态势,体现了资本与劳动要素对价值链高端环节掌控能力的进一步强化,中国劳动要素的嵌入深度从7.19%上升到9.78%,但与发达国家14%—16%的水平相比尚有较大差距,而印度和墨西哥的主要指标在整个研究期间保持不变或有所下降,呈现出低端环节锁定特征。劳动报酬视角的考察体现了中国劳动要素在全球价值链分工中地位的变迁以及与发达国家存在的差距,凸显了强化劳动要素支撑对于提升中国产业链供应链现代化水平所具有的重要意义。
This paper extends the decomposition model of domestic value added to the level of factors.Based on downstream and upstream perspectives,the paper constructs the models of domestic labor reward share and embedding depth,and examines the status evolution of labor in global value chain(GVC)from 2000 to 2014 using WIOD database.The results find that during the 15 years,the share of domestic labor reward declined globally,and China presents a unique U-shaped track of decline first and then rise with the financial crisis as turning point.The share of domestic labor reward dropped from 35.58%in 2000 to 30.12%in 2007.The decline mainly comes from the double squeeze of imported intermediate goods and international capital.After the financial crisis,the share of labor reward rise rapidly to 40.68%and the electronic and optical equipment manufaturing industry shows the greatest increase.The change of"Smile Curve"with related industries reflects the status improvement of labor factor in China.Developed countries have significant advantages in the embedding depth of labor,which keeps rising during the research period,reflecting the further strengthening in the control ability of capital and labor factors on the high-end segments of the value chain.The labor embedding depth of China has increased from 7.19%to 9.78%,but there is still a big gap compared with the level of 14%—16%in developed countries.The main indicators of India and Mexico have remained unchanged or decreased during the whole period,showing the indication of being locked in low-end segments.The perspective of labor reward reflects the status change of China’s labor factor in the division of labor in the global value chain and the gap between China and developed countries,and highlights the significance of strengthening the support of labor factors to promote the modernization of China’s industrial chain and supply chain.
作者
刘维林
LIU Wei-lin(Institute of Economic and Social Development,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China)
出处
《中国工业经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第1期76-94,共19页
China Industrial Economics
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“全球价值链嵌入下中国物流业绿色增长的效率评估与转型路径”(批准号18YJA790080)
南开大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“全球价值链框架下我国制造业出口国内附加值的测算方法及其政策启示”(批准号NKZXB1433)
关键词
全球价值链
劳动报酬份额
跨国投入—产出分析
global value chain
labor reward share
inter-country input-output analysis
