摘要
清代将靠近大陆海岸、岛岸的海域划为内洋、外洋、大洋三个部分,并对内外洋进行了有效管辖。20世纪80年代以来,学界对内外洋的分布与性质已取得较深入的认识。一般认为,内洋即毗邻海岸的海域,由沿岸文武管辖;外洋即内洋之外、以距岸最远的岛礁为标志的海域,多由水师管辖。内外洋呈两条带状分布,皆属中国。近年,有学者基于清人记载中时而出现的“标外洋于近岸”现象,对前人总结的划分方法提出疑问,并对内外洋划分的变化展开了新探索。通过研究,本文发现,“标外洋于近岸”只是清人的一种外洋标记方法,非指邻岸海域为外洋。某些岛礁虽同时被标内洋、外洋,但其意也各有侧重,非指将其紧邻海域分为两种洋。“内外洋呈两条带状分布”的说法依然可以成立。据官方文献所载,随着时间推移,内外洋的划分有时确会受海陆地形变动、海防机构调整等的影响而变化。不过,一些研究仅立足于“近岸外洋”的另类解读推导变化、分析原因,视角固属新颖,论证却有失严密。
The Qing Dynasty classified territorial waters near its continental and island coasts into Inner and Outer Seas,and established effective control over them.Scholarship since the 1980 s has acquired a deeper understanding of their distribution and nature.In general,the Inner Seas refer to territorial waters bordering the coasts,and were administered by civil and military officials.The Outer Seas are marked by the island farthest away from the coast,and mainly under the jurisdiction of the navy.Both are marked on maps as two stripes,and they both belonged to China’s core territory.According to official documents,the division between inner and outer seas sometimes varied over time in response to factors such as orographical changes of land and sea and the needs of coastal defense.Some studies,however,take these changes out of context and offer the alternative interpretation that the Outer Seas began right outside the immediate coastline.While this perspective is novel,it lacks organized reasoning.
出处
《国家航海》
2022年第1期64-78,共15页
National Maritime Research
关键词
内洋
外洋
划分方法
Inner Seas
Outer Seas
Classificatin Method
