摘要
2020年《民法典》确立可在生态环境侵权中适用惩罚性赔偿以来,学界对其适用范围和主体一直存在争议。主流观点认为它不应适用于环境公益诉讼或不应由检察机关来适用。然而,从环境私人执法的角度来看,适用惩罚性赔偿无疑可以提高对生态环境违法行为的发现水平,并且通过惩罚性赔偿的威慑效应,有效遏制违法行为的发生,发挥预防功能。环境私人执法不仅仅适用于环境利益受到侵害的个人,也应当包括环保组织,以及发挥与环保组织相同作用的检察机关。通过环境私人执法的引入,可以有效地弥补行政成本约束下我国环境执法的不足,从而实现构建最严格生态环境保护制度的目标。
The Punitive damages was introduced into the brand new Civil Code of P.R.China as one of liabilities for environmental and ecological tort.There is always an argument on its object and scope among legal scholars who believe that it should not be adopted in an environmental public interest case or it should not be claimed by procurators.However,from the perspective of environmental private enforcement,punitive damages is beneficial for enhancing the detection of the infringement and for reducing polluting activities via its deterrent effect.Punitive damages is not only applicable for the plaintiffs of private environmental interest,but also for those who represent public environmental interest such as environmental non-governmental organizations and prosecutors.By introducing environmental private enforcement into the legal system,it would make up the deficiency of environmental enforcement which was caused by the limitation of administrative costs and achieve the goal of the strictest institution of environment and ecology.
出处
《荆楚法学》
2022年第6期67-77,共11页
Jingchu Law Review
基金
国家社科基金一般项目“环境法律责任威慑效应的形成机制及其优化路径研究”(项目编号:22BFX201)之阶段性研究成果
关键词
生态环境侵权
惩罚性赔偿
环境私人执法
Environmental and Ecological Tort
Punitive Damages
Environmental Private Enforcement
