摘要
中国已在立法层面完成知识产权惩罚性赔偿的制度构建。该项责任形式适用于平等民事主体之间,是补偿性赔偿之外的额外赔偿,基于受害人赔偿主张的请求权而发生,因此可以归类于民事责任范畴。惩罚性赔偿具备损害赔偿制度的一般规范功能,但各功能的地位及其作用有所不同,其中惩罚是为核心功能,补偿作为基础功能,遏制视作目标功能。在知识产权领域,惩罚性赔偿责任可与其他民事责任合并适用,在多种法律责任重合情形下优先适用,并在与法定赔偿责任聚合时选择适用。在司法实践中,知识产权惩罚性赔偿责任的适用,须秉持审慎谦抑原则(适用范围的必要性)、过罚相当原则(处罚力度的适当性)和司法定价原则(裁判标准的合理性)。在司法裁判过程中,须把握惩罚性赔偿责任的构成要件,即以故意、恶意为表征的主观要件,以情节严重为要义的行为要件;同时正确运用惩罚性赔偿数额的计算规则,解决计算基数和确定倍比两大问题。
China has completed the system construction of punitive damage for intellectual property rights at the legislative level.This form of liability,which is applicable to equal civil subjects,is the additional compensation in addition to compensatory compensation and occurs based on the claim of the victim for compensation,so it can be classified into the category of civil liability.Punitive damage has the general normative functions of the damage compensation system,while the status and significance of each function in punitive damage are different,in which punishment is the core function,compensation is the basic function and containment is the target function.In the field of intellectual property,punitive damage can be combined with other civil liabilities,should be given priority in the case of overlapping legal liabilities,and could be chosen to apply when aggregated with statutory liability for compensation.In judicial practice,the application of punitive damage of intellectual property rights should adhere to the principle of prudence and modesty(the necessity of the scope of application),the principle of equivalence between fault and punishment(the appropriateness of punishment intensity),and the principle of judicial pricing(the rationality of judgment standard).In the process of judicial adjudication,it is necessary to grasp the constitutive elements of punitive damage,that is,the subjective elements characterized by intention and malice,and the behavioral elements characterized by serious circumstances.At the same time,it is also of necessity to correctly apply the calculation rules of the amount of punitive damage to solve the two problems of calculating base and determining multiple ratios.
出处
《法学评论》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第3期21-33,共13页
Law Review
基金
2020年日本东京知识产权研究所“中日专家合作研究项目”成果
关键词
惩罚性赔偿
立法选择
制度功能
司法适用
Punitive Damage
Legislative Choice
System Function
Judicial Application
