摘要
晚明时期,旅行使士、商有更密切的社会交往。旅行行为和对旅行的需要,是士、商出版物渐趋融合的主要因素。出版商发现在同一个封面下同时出版这两类顾客的旅游指南十分合理。这种新型出版物同时提供了商人和士人都需要的道德规范和实用信息。士商群体之间文化水平的差异,促使出版商采用一种士人的古雅风格与商人的平实易懂风格相结合的文体。在包括旅游指南以及其他类型知识在内的书籍的标题中,"士商"一词被越来越多地使用。
Spaces and their boundaries—geographical and otherwise—are socially constructed.Travel is a major means for the engendering of geographical spaces.Humans travel for a great variety of reasons,producing different types of spaces,and corresponding knowledge.Particular spatial organizations embody the specific reasons for and the manner in which sojourners undertake travel.This paper examines the role of long distance travel in the production of specific knowledge of the Chinese empire for two different groups during the late Ming period—the shi(literati-officials)and the shang(merchants).As reflected in the merging of publications for merchants and literati,the act of travel and the very need for it brought these two groups closer together socially.The shi in late Ming China traveled great distances for three major reasons:to take civil service exams,to assume official duties,and to take up teaching or writing jobs.Merchants traveled for business reasons:to acquire materials and products,to sell goods,to negotiate contracts,and to operate shops.But increasingly,these two groups crossed paths with greater intensity and frequency.The travel they undertook brought them into closer social interaction.The knowledge they needed converged so much that commercial publishers found it logical to publish travel guides for both constituencies under one cover.This new genre of publications also provided ethical prescriptions and practical information that both merchants and literati needed.The different levels of literacy among literati and merchant communities prompted publishers to adopt a writing style that mixed the classical style of the literati and a simple plain style easily comprehensible to the merchants.The increase in the use of the term shishang in book titles that included travel guides and other types of knowledge attested to the subtle shift in the production of geographical knowledge,which was no longer organized primarily by imperial interests.
作者
周启荣
李冰清(译)
Kai-wing Chow;Li Bingqing(translate)
出处
《汉籍与汉学》
2021年第2期22-33,共12页
Chinese Books and Sinology
关键词
出版史
书籍史
明代士商
知识生产
旅行
publishing history
book history
Shi and Shang in the Ming Dynasty
knowledge production
travel
