摘要
异氰酸酯是聚氨酯合成的主要原料.目前,工业上主要采用光气法制备异氰酸酯.该工艺使用剧毒的光气同时副产大量腐蚀性的氯化氢.非光气制异氰酸酯是绿色化学及相关过程的最重要的内容,它的实现将导致传统的光气工艺乃至聚氨酯行业产生革命性的变化.本文主要介绍了本课题组多年来不同羰源下催化羰化制N-取代氨基甲酸烷基酯、热裂解制备异氰酸两步反应的研究进展及存在的问题,特别是近两年本课题组在脂肪族N-取代氨基甲酸烷基酯热裂解过程中聚合物的形成与解聚方面的思路,提出了具有工业实际应用价值的非光气制异氰酸酯的三步反应过程.
Isocyanates are the core feed-stocks for the synthesis of polyurethane.At present,the industrial production of isocyanates mainly bases on the phosgene process,which is extremely toxic and yields large amounts of corrosive HCl.Non-phosgene process for isocyanates production is always one of the most important missions for green chemistry and related contents,and its implementation will bring about the revolutionary change for the polyurethane industry.This review focuses on the development of two-step route for aliphatic isocyanates in our lab as well as the existing problems,i.e.,catalytic synthesis of N-substituted carbamates using various carbonyl sources,then thermal cracking target on isocyanate,especially for our strategy to the formation and depolymerization of the polymer derived from the thermal cracking process.Based on our research,a three-step non-phosgene process for isocyanate production is proposed,which provides a promissing technology for industrial application.
作者
刘士民
王培学
邓友全
Shimin Liu;Peixue Wang;Youquan Deng(State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation,State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication,Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry&New Materials,Qingdao 266000,China)
出处
《中国科学：化学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第2期235-244,共10页
SCIENTIA SINICA Chimica
基金
国家重点研发计划(编号:2017YFA0403101)
国家自然科学基金(编号:21802148,21761132014)资助项目.
关键词
非光气
异氰酸酯
羰化
热裂解
醇解
non-phosgene
isocyanates
carbonylation
thermal cracking
alcoholysis
