摘要
税收效率原则要求政府征税行为有利于资源配置和经济运行,中国财政预算管理以年度预算为主,它在保障每年政府支出计划实现的同时,也会由于围绕年度内各时期预算目标的预算执行,导致企业纳税波动并影响经营效率。研究发现:政府财政收入预算执行进度与企业纳税增长显著负相关,其结果是企业纳税在时序上的非平滑和在横向上的非中性;政府年内预算执行波动越剧烈,企业纳税越呈现非平滑现象,对企业的风险预期、经营活跃性和经营报酬率产生的不利影响越大。基于研究,本文提出落实税收法定原则,建立跨年度预算平衡机制,加强中期财政规划管理,同时重视支出预算配套的政策建议。
The principle of tax efficiency is one of the important criteria for a good tax system,which requires maintaining a relatively smooth tax policy and tax rate through the rule of law-based taxation,so as to realize the stability of corporate taxation.This will help to stabilize enterprises’tax burden and business expectations and improve resource allocation and economic efficiency.Stability of corporate taxation is affected by many internal and external factors.As an important part of government budget revenue,tax is the key link in the relationship between government and enterprises.Government tax behaviors will greatly affect the stability of corporate taxation.The government budget management system is one of the important institutional sources that affect local governments’taxation behavior.As China adopts the annual budget management method,while ensuring the realization of the annual government expenditure plan,the implementation of governments’revenue budget around budget targets in different periods of the year will lead to different tax collection behaviors of the tax authorities.This results in volatility of corporate taxation as well as destruction of tax smoothing and tax neutrality,which has an impact on the business efficiency of enterprises.From the perspective of year,this paper studies the impact of government budget management on government taxation behavior and the resulting tax volatility on economic efficiency,which is of great practical significance to the budget system reform and the improvement of tax efficiency.Based on the theoretical and empirical analysis,this paper uses quarterly data and the exogenous shock of governments’mid-year budget adjustment at the end of the third quarter to explore the impact of governments’budget implementation in the first three quarters on the tax collection in the fourth quarter,which show the impact of budget implementation on tax smoothing and tax neutrality.Robustness tests from multiple perspectives are conducted.In addition,this paper further investigates the impact of non-stationary government budget implementation on the business behavior of enterprises,such as uncertainty expectations,business activity and return on assets.The results show that the progress of revenue budget implementation is significantly negatively correlated with corporate taxation.The implementation of government budget management around the plan will have an impact on tax payment behaviors of enterprises,which results in non-smooth and non-neutral corporate taxation in time sequence and horizontal direction.Besides,volatility of corporate taxation will reduce business efficiency,further affecting risk expectations,operating activity and rate of return.Based on the relationship between government and enterprises,this paper studies the impact of government revenue budget implementation on the stability of corporate taxation during the year for the first time,and explores the impact of tax volatility caused by budget management on the distortion of enterprise micro-behavior or business performance from the perspective of the relationship between budget management and business efficiency.The budget system is the core component of the fiscal system,and promoting the modernization of the budget system is an important means to enhance the national governance capacity and the modernization of the governance system.This paper points out directions for the reform of China’s budget system.It is necessary to implement the principle of law-based taxation,levy tax according to law,and create a good business environment;it is important to establish an inter-year budget balancing mechanism and strengthen medium-term fiscal planning management;and it is necessary to attach importance to the expenditure budget to reduce the influence of rigidity in revenue budget implementation.These measures will help reduce the volatility of corporate taxation caused by government budget management and alleviate the distortion of different tax collection behaviors by tax authorities on enterprises’business efficiency.In this way,the government can collect all the tax receivable in accordance with the Tax Law,and enterprises can pay taxes in full in accordance with the Tax Law,so as to reduce deadweight losses and improve economic efficiency.
作者
吕冰洋
陈怡心
詹静楠
LYU Bingyang;CHEN Yixin;ZHAN Jingnan(School of Finance,Renmin University of China;Committee of Finance,Fuzhou Doctor Think Tank)
出处
《经济研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第8期58-77,共20页
Economic Research Journal
基金
中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助)项目(批准号20XNLG01)的资助
关键词
预算管理
税收征管
企业经营效率
Budget Management
Tax Collection
Business Efficiency
