摘要
19世纪上半叶,来自欧洲的水疗法传入美国,该疗法在推广的同时,与卫生改革运动相结合,引发了一股“水疗热”。热衷于水疗法的群体既有自学医术之人,也包括部分正规医生,他们大力宣扬水疗的优势,认为水疗可以治愈各种日常所见的疾病。而美国医学会以及其他大部分正规医生则质疑水疗法的疗效,并且反对水疗的滥用。于是,水疗法支持者和反对者围绕这一疗法的疗效进行了激烈的论争。随着论争的深入,双方对水疗法的认识更加深刻,并且都进行了相应的调整。水疗法支持者为回应批评,创办医学杂志、医学院扩大水疗的影响,并将个人卫生与道德相结合;反对者也逐渐意识到水疗法的优势,吸纳其中的合理部分,丰富了正规医疗手段。总之,二者致力于改善健康状况和提升社区道德水准的努力,促进了美国内战前公共卫生事业的发展。
In the first half of 19th century,there was a cult of Hydrotherapy in the U.S.Self-taught practitioners as well as some regular doctors who were keen to promote the benefits of hydrotherapy as a cure for a variety of everyday ailments.The American Medical Association and most other physicians questioned the efficacy of hydrotherapy and opposed its misuse.As a result,proponents and opponents of hydrotherapy had hotly debated the efficacy of the therapy.With the deepening of the arguments,they had a more profound understanding of hydrotherapy,and made corresponding adjustments.In response to criticism,proponents of hydrotherapy had created medical journals and schools to expand the impact of hydrotherapy and combined personal hygiene with ethics,while opponents recognized the advantages of hydrotherapy and incorporated reasonable parts of it,which enriched the formal means of medical treatment.In short,their efforts to improve health and community ethics contributed to the development of Antebellum public health.
出处
《医疗社会史研究》
2024年第1期278-299,330,共23页
Journal of Social History of Medicine and Health
基金
国家社科基金一般项目“征税权问题与美国早期国家构建研究”(21BSS018)的阶段性成果
