摘要
针对动车组在高速运行阶段出现的客室内异常噪声现象,结合线路试验测试数据,通过频域与时域分析方法,进行声源识别与振动传递分析。数据分析结果显示客室异响是由于地板的异常振动引起的声辐射。由于轴箱的异常振动主频幅值小于构架,且车辆系统异常振动频率为牵引电机转频及其倍频,故排除轮轨激扰与车下设备产生异常振动的可能性,将故障定位于传动系统。依据牵引电机与齿轮箱典型故障的振动频谱特征,因其与异常振动频率不相符,故可将故障锁定在联轴节处。结合转子动力学理论,推导弹性联轴节不对中状态下的受力方程,理论分析可知,不对中效应会导致转子系统产生以转动频率为基频的倍频振动,这与数据分析结果是吻合的。因此在后续试验中更换联轴节,结果表明,更换联轴节后客室地板异常振动衰减,惰行工况尤为明显,加速度方均根值降低67%,异常振动1X与3X主频幅值消失,2X与4X主频幅值分别降低了78%与66%。客室地板振动水平达到理想效果,理论分析与试验结果得到相互验证。
In response to the abnormal noise phenomenon in the EMU’s passenger room during the high-speed operation.Through the field test data,the sound source and the transmission of the vibration are analyzed,in both frequency and time-frequency domain.The result of data analysis shows that the abnormal noise of the passenger compartment is the acoustic radiation caused by the abnormal vibration of the floor.Compared with the bogie frame,the amplitude of the abnormal vibration on the axle box is relatively small,and the frequencies of abnormal vibration are the traction motor rotating frequency,along with its harmonic frequencies.Therefore,the possibility of abnormal vibration caused by the wheel-rail excitation and the equipment suspended on the car body is eliminated,and the fault is located at the transmission system.According to the vibration spectrum characteristics of the typical faults of the traction motor and the gearbox,it is found that they do not agree with the abnormal vibration frequency,therefore the fault can be locked at coupling.Based on the rotor dynamics theory,the force equations under the misalignment of the elastic coupling are established,and it suggests the misalignment effect will cause the rotor system to generate the harmonic frequencies vibration with the rotational frequency as the fundamental frequency,which is consistent with the analysis results.After replacing the coupling,the acceleration of the abnormal vibration on the passenger compartment floor is reduced,especially in idling condition.The root mean square values are reduced by 67%,and the peaks at 1 X and 3 X frequencies disappeared,the amplitudes of 2 X and 4 X are decreased by 78%and 66%,respectively.The vibration level of the floor of the passenger compartment achieved the ideal effect,and the theoretical analysis and test results have been mutually verified.
作者
周亚波
池茂儒
蔡吴斌
孙建锋
肖新标
ZHOU Yabo;CHI Maoru;CAI Wubin;SUN Jianfeng;XIAO Xinbiao(State Key Laboratory of Traction Power,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031)
出处
《机械工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第4期148-155,共8页
Journal of Mechanical Engineering
基金
国家重点研发计划资助项目(2018YFB1201701)
关键词
动车组
车内噪声
倍频振动
故障诊断
联轴节
high-speed train
interior noise
multiple frequency vibration
fault diagnosis
coupling
