摘要
古希腊地理学因其基于地球观念和几何化建构的特征,在古代地学中独具一格。其形成与世界图式的转变密不可分。古希腊的世界图式,经历了从基于地平观念的圆形世界,到基于地球观念的球面世界的转变过程,并反映在当时地学、制图学的相关论述之中。同时,几何学作为地球观念的基础,逐渐成为描绘大地的合法甚至最优的方式——借助于几何学,古希腊人看待大地和"人居世界"(oikoumene)的视角悄然发生转变。古希腊的地理学超越有限的经验描述,将朴素的经验传统嵌入一套基于几何观念、以经纬度进行标示的地球框架之中。这标志着古希腊地理学从源流复杂的文学传统中独立出来,作为一门独特的知识领域而兴起。经历了阿那克西曼德、柏拉图、亚里士多德等历代学者的努力,地理学最终在埃拉托色尼的手中完成了基本雏形的建构。
The geography of ancient Greece has a unique style in ancient geosciences because of its characteristics based on the concept of the earth and geometric construction.Its formation was closely related to the transformation of world scheme.The world scheme of ancient Greece experienced a transition from the circular world based on the belief that the world is flat to the spherical world based on the concept of the earth,and was reflected in the relevant discussions of geography and cartography at that time.Meanwhile,geometry,as the basis of the concept of the earth,gradually became the legal and even the best way to depict the earth.With the help of geometry,the ancient Greeks’view of the earth and the"oikoumene"changed quietly.Their geography was able to go beyond the limited description of experience and embed the simple tradition of experience into a set of geometric concepts based on the earth marked by latitude and longitude.This marked the emergence of ancient Greece geography as a unique field of knowledge,which was independent from the complicated literary tradition.After the efforts of Anaximander,Plato and Aristotle,geography finally completed the construction of the basic prototype in the hands of Eratosthenes.
出处
《科学文化评论》
2020年第4期5-20,共16页
Science & Culture Review
