摘要
法律渊源是一个兼具描述性和规范性的复合概念,它不仅是指对司法裁判所依据多元规范的集合,还蕴含着发现和适用法律的规则。《民法总则》确立了习惯正式法源的地位,明确了民法法源的类型及各种法源之间的适用次序,但《民法总则》中的一般性规定缺乏具体明确的指引。习惯的适用应定位于司法立场,以充分发挥为法官提供裁判依据的功能。习惯的司法适用需从静态规制和动态引入两方面来进行探究:静态的规制需从本体维度,厘清习惯的内涵与构成条件,从规则维度,明晰适用规则与正当性限制;动态的引入需从适用主体维度,排除习惯本身的弊病来发挥法官自主裁量,当事人需对适用之习惯承担举证责任。
The origin of law is a compound concept with both descriptive and normative features.It not only refers to the collection of multiple norms on which judicial decisions are based,but also contains rules for discovering and applying the law.The General Provisions of Civil Law established the status of the official sources of customary law,and defined the types of sources of civil law and the order of application among various sources of law.The application of custom should be positioned in the judicial position and give full play to the function of providing judges with a basis for adjudication.The general provisions in the General Provisions of Civil Law lack specific and clear guidelines.The judicial application of habits needs to be explored from two aspects:static rules and dynamic application:static rules need to clarify the connotation and constitution of habits from the ontological dimension,and clear the rules and legitimacy restrictions of the application of habits from the rule dimension;The dynamic application needs to play the judge's discretion from the dimension of the applicable subject and eliminate the disadvantages of the habit itself,and the parties should bear the burden of proof for the applicable habit.
出处
《民间法》
2019年第1期338-352,共15页
关键词
习惯
司法适用
本体
适用主体
规则
habit
judicial application
body
applicable subject
rules
