摘要
至2019年,我国互联网平台经济交易规模达32828亿元,居世界之首,为7800万人提供了灵活就业岗位。平台经济在新冠肺炎疫情期间,提供大量新的就业岗位,对“保就业”发挥了重要作用。但互联网平台经济将过去的“企业+劳动者”的传统用工模式转变为“平台+个人”的新型平台用工方式,该用工模式也导致互联网平台经济从业者劳动权益保障出现纠纷,对“稳就业”带来了一定的挑战。挑战的根源在于“有劳动关系则给予保护、无劳动关系则不予保护”的制度框架。互联网平台用工模式下,应当改变这种认定劳动关系进而施加或豁免所有劳动法责任的进路,满足互联网平台经济发展和解决从业者劳动权益保障问题的双重需要。在现行制度框架内,为保障互联网平台经济从业者的合法劳动权益,当务之急并非针对互联网平台用工制定专门的适用规则,而是应该根据劳动关系理论,坚持重实质、轻形式的原则,明确劳动关系认定的相关司法裁判规则。弱化劳动关系认定的法律意义,实现劳动基准、社会保险等内容与劳动关系的脱钩。由于互联网平台用工的复杂性和差异性,除劳动法路径外,平台企业、工会组织还应当承担维护从业者劳动权益的责任,多角度保护从业者的劳动权益。
By 2019,Internet platform economic transactions in China had reached the scale of 3.2828 trillion yuan,ranking first in the world.Internet platform economy has provided over 78 million people with flexible jobs.During the COVID-19 outbreak,platform economy has offered a large number of new jobs,contributing significantly to"employment security".However,by converting the traditional"business+labor"employment pattern to the new"platform+individual"pattern,Internet platform economy has caused disputes over the protection of labor rights of the practitioners,therefore challenging the"stable employment situation".The challenge is rooted in the"protection for those with labor relation,no protection for those without"institutional framework.Under the employment mode of the Internet platform,this approach of applying or exempting all labor law responsibility by identification of labor relation should be changed so as to meet the dual demands of development of Internet platform economy and solution to protection of labor rights of the practitioners.Within the existing institutional framework,to protect the legitimate labor rights and interest of the practitioners,the top priority should be clarification of labor relation identification-related rules of adjudication according to the theory of labor relation rather than developing specifically applicable rules for employment by the Internet platform.We should further weaken the legal significance of identification of labor relation,and decouple labor standards,social insurance,etc.from labor relation.For the complexity and diversity of employment by the Internet platform,in addition to the labor law approach,enterprises on the platform and trade unions should also act for all-round protection of the labor rights of practitioners.
作者
黎林
杨柳圻
Li Lin;Yang Liuqi
出处
《民间法》
2021年第2期393-413,共21页
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目《“全面二孩”政策下生育保障立法完善研究》(项目编号:17CFX043)
国家社会科学基金重大项目《积极老龄化的公共政策与法治问题研究》(项目编号:19ZDA158)子项目《积极老龄化的公共政策与法律体系构建——基于年龄平等理念》
湖南大学哲学社会科学青年学术提升计划项目《新妇儿发展纲要(2021—2030)中的重点法律问题研究》
关键词
互联网平台
从业者
劳动权益
劳动关系
法律保障
Internet Platform
Practitioners
Labor Rights and Interests
Labor Relations
Legal Protection
