摘要
学习者的二语词汇能力是评价其二语水平的重要指标,而对词汇语义关系的掌握程度又是考察二语词汇能力的重要方面。本文通过梳理现有关于二语三大词汇语义关系(一词多义、上下义、近义)发展的研究,发现以往关于二语语义关系的研究话题有学习者某种语义关系的习得特点、学习者语义的发展过程以及影响学习者语义关系习得的因素等;研究方法则涵盖了历时、共时、量性、质性的特征;多数研究表明,二语学习者语义关系的发展随着英语水平的上升而逐渐完善,并不断向英语母语者水平靠拢,但即使二语水平再高,最终也难以达到母语者的语义发展程度。另外,任何一种语义关系内部的习得情况都不均衡,多数学习者在语义关系的习得过程中都出现一些相似的困难。通过总结各类语义关系的主要研究话题、研究方法及研究发现,本文指出已有研究的局限性,在此基础上构想未来研究可能的视角和路径,鼓励在研究学习者的词义习得时纳入更多测量指标,如词汇的“典型性”等,并提出运用跨学科的方法探讨二语语义关系发展的更多话题。
Second language(L2)learners’lexical competence is an important indicator of their L2 proficiency,and the knowledge about lexical-semantic relations is an indispensable component of L2 lexical competence.By combing the existing research on L2 development of three major lexical-semantic relations(polysemy,hyponymy and synonymy),this paper finds that the previous research topics in this line include:L2 learners’acquisition characteristics of a certain lexical-semantic relation,the development process of L2 learners’lexical-semantic relations,and the factors affecting the acquisition of L2 learners’lexical-semantic relations.The research methods cover diachronic,synchronic,quantitative and qualitative characteristics.Most studies have shown that L2 learners’development of lexical-semantic relations improves with the increase of English proficiency,and gradually approaches the level of native English speakers,but even if L2 learners of high proficiency are still difficult to reach the level of native speakers.In addition,L2 learners’acquisition condition within any kind of lexical-semantic relation is uneven,and most learners encounter some similar difficulties in the process of acquiring them.By summarizing the main research topics,methods and findings of three lexical-semantic relations,this paper points out the limitations of previous efforts,and envisions the possible perspectives and paths of future research,such as the inclusion of more measurement indicators(e.g.“prototypicality”)and some interdisciplinary methods,with an expectation of exploring more topics in the research on the development of L2 lexical-semantic relations.
出处
《外语教育》
2023年第1期101-112,共12页
Foreign Language Education
基金
国家社科基金一般项目“中国学生英语词汇语义网络动态模型构建及应用研究”(18BYY214)的阶段性成果
关键词
二语词汇习得
二语语义发展
纵聚合语义关系
研究综述
L2 lexical acquisition
L2 semantic development
paradigmatic semantic relation
research review
