摘要
作为知识产权保护对象的地理标志,与普通商标之间既有密切联系,也存在一些差异。从地理标志的内在特性来看,地理标志本质上并不同于普通商标以及普通的集体商标和证明商标,集体商标和证明商标制度只是传统商标法保护地理标志借助的一种手段。地理标志应属一种独立的特殊商标类型,它兼具集体商标、证明商标和驰名商标的共性特征,即集体性、证明性和知名性。因此,在法律尤其是商标法上,不宜将地理标志的保护等同于普通商标,而是需要为其提供特殊保护。后《民法典》时代在我国实现地理标志特殊保护,尤其是就保护模式的构建而言,从国情出发,本文提出的建议是,选择通过逐步协调、整合、修改和完善既有相关立法的方式,进而构建起“商标法强化保护、专门法积极配合、反不正当竞争法有效补充”的体系性和立体化的地理标志保护新模式。其中,从协调地理标志与商标的关系来看,所谓“商标法强化保护”至少需要体现在:其一,结合《民法典》第123条,应修改现行《商标法》以及相关法规、规章等,在商标立法上进一步突出地理标志这种特殊商标的独立属性。其二,在处理地理标志与普通商标的冲突问题上,适度赋予地理标志优先于普通商标的法律地位。其三,在地理标志保护范围和保护水平的设定方面,进一步明确地理标志可寻求类似于驰名商标的“跨类”保护。
Geographical indications and trademarks are closely related,but there are also some differences.Geographical indications,which are the subject of intellectual property rights,are different from ordinary trademarks and ordinary collective marks and certification marks.The system of collective marks and certification marks is only a means of protecting geographical indications in the traditional trademark law.From the perspective of the particularity of geographical indications,geographical indications should be a special trademark.Geographical indications essentially have the common characteristics of collective marks,certification marks and well-known trademarks,that is,collectiveness,certification and well-known.Therefore,geographical indications need special protection.The suggestion made in this article is to choose the method of gradually integrating,modifying and coordinating existing relevant legislation,and then constructing a system of"enhanced protection of trademark law and active cooperation of special laws".Among them,only from the perspective of coordinating the relationship between geographical indications and trademarks,the so-called"enhanced protection of trademark law"needs to be reflected in at least:First,in conjunction with the provisions of Article 123 of the Civil Code,amend the current"Trademark Law"and related regulations,etc.,further clarify the independent status of geographical indication trademarks in trademark legislation.Second,in dealing with the conflicts between geographical indications and ordinary trademarks,the legal status of geographical indications should be given priority and ordinary trademarks appropriately.Third,in terms of the scope and level of protection of geographical indications,granting geographical indications is similar to"cross-category protection"of well-known trademarks.
出处
《私法》
2022年第1期176-197,共22页
Private Law Review
基金
2020年国家知识产权局软科学研究项目“地理标志强保护的理论基础及制度构建研究”(SS20-B-13)的阶段性成果
关键词
地理标志
普通商标
集体商标
证明商标
驰名商标
商标法
Geographical Indication
Ordinary Trademark
Collective Mark
Certification Mark
Well-known Trademark
Trademark law
