摘要
《联合国海洋法公约》虽未明确提及全球气候变化,但二者之间的联系却愈发紧密。这主要表现为全球气候变化所引发的海平面上升、海洋暖化或酸化等问题对《联合国海洋法公约》的适用和解释产生了深刻的影响。一方面,海平面上升是否会导致领海基线移动、岛礁法律地位变更,将对一国领土主权和海洋权益构成法律挑战。另一方面,全球气候变化对海洋环境造成潜在的威胁和破坏,如何通过规则重构的方式实现《联合国海洋法公约》对碳排放、海洋暖化或酸化、大气污染跨界损害的有效规制是国际社会亟须关注的重要议题。值得注意的是,与《联合国气候变化框架公约》相比,《联合国海洋法公约》可能为全球气候变化提供了强制争端解决程序,但在诉讼主体资格、法律义务和可归因性的认定等方面,国际诉讼活动仍面临着诸多的法律障碍。
While the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea does not explicitly refer to global climate change issues,the connection between the two has become increasingly close.This is mainly manifested in sea level rise,ocean warming,or acidification caused by global climate change,which profoundly impacts the application and interpretation of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.On the one hand,sea level rise leads to the movement of territorial sea baselines and change in the legal status of islands and reefs,and thus this poses legal challenges to a country’s territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests.On the other hand,global climate change poses potential threats and damages to the marine environment.Achieving the effective regulation of the transboundary damages to carbon emissions,ocean warming or acidification,and atmospheric pollution under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea through the way of reconstructing rules is an important issue for having the urgent attention of the international community.It is worth noting that,compared with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change,the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea may provide a mandatory dispute settlement procedure to address global climate change issues.However,actions on international litigation still face many legal obstacles in terms of the qualification of litigation subjects,legal obligations,and the determination of attribution.
作者
朱利江
武俊松
ZHU Lijiang;WU Junsong(China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)
出处
《太平洋学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第9期23-34,共12页
Pacific Journal
基金
国家社科基金重大研究专项“基于中国立场的海洋争端解决机制实证研究”(19VHQ008)
中国政法大学青年教师学术创新团队支持计划资助项目(19CXTD09)的阶段性研究成果
关键词
全球气候变化
《联合国海洋法公约》
海洋权利
海洋环境
气候诉讼
global climate change
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
ocean rights
marine environment
climate litigation
