摘要
存款准备金制度是在中央银行体制下建立起来的,其最初主要是为了保证商业银行的支付和清算。大多数中央银行要求存款类金融机构对其负债持有最低准备金,且存放在中央银行。随着国家金融体系的发展以及对存款准备金认识的增长,存款准备金逐渐演变为货币政策工具。存款准备金制度主要包括:交存机构范围、交存基数、交存比例、计算准备金交存基数和交存金额的方式、是否对存款准备金付息、欠交存款准备金怎样处罚及哪些资产可作为法定存款准备金。本文总结了美联储准备金制度的演变,分析了这些演变对我国准备金制度的启示。
The deposit reserve system was established under the central bank system, which was originally primarily to ensure the payment and liquidation of commercial banks. Most central banks require depository financial institutions to hold minimum reserves for their liabilities and deposit them with Central bank. With the development of the national financial system and the growing understanding of how deposit reserves affect this system, deposit reserves have gradually evolved into monetary policy tools. The deposit reserve system mainly includes: the scope of the depository institution, the deposit base, the deposit ratio, the method and time for calculating the reserve deposit base and deposit amount, whether to pay interest on the deposit reserve, and how to owe the deposit reserve Penalties and which assets can also be used as legal deposit reserves. This article mainly introduces and summarizes the evolution of the Federal Reserve Reserve System and the implications of these evolutions for China’s reserve system.
作者
孙姣
SUN Jao(People's Bank of China Xi'an Branch,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710075)
出处
《西部金融》
2020年第12期45-49,共5页
West China Finance
