摘要
国家法律法规对自然灾害防灾减灾救灾工作中相关部门、单位和个人的责任有明确规定,并对违反法律法规的行为设定了从行政处分到追究刑事责任的罚则。近年来,一些党政领导干部、企事业单位和个人因违法行为或防灾减灾救灾工作不力而被问责追责。本文通过对相关法律法规、典型案例和存在问题的初步分析,认为相对其他类别突发事件而言,对自然灾害进行问责追责存在一些难点问题,特别是要处理好"天灾"与"人祸"、"主观"与"客观"、"防灾"与"救灾"、"行为"与"后果"、"形式"与"实干"等几个关系问题。建议加快建立自然灾害评估制度,充分考虑自然灾害特点,对自然灾害防控中的违法违规、失职渎职行为进行细致调查,既严格依法依规并按法定程序追究责任,又避免简单套用生产安全事故责任追究做法,造成责任追究泛化。
The national laws and regulations have clearly stipulated the responsibilities of relevant departments,units and individuals in natural disaster prevention,mitigation and response,and set penalties from administrative punishment to criminal liability for acts violating laws and regulations.In recent years,a number of leading party and government officials,enterprises,institutions and individuals have been held accountable for illegal acts or ineffective works in disaster prevention,mitigation and response.Based on the preliminary analysis of relevant laws and regulations,typical cases and problems,it is concluded that compared with other kinds of emergencies,there are some difficult issues in the accountability and liability of natural disasters.Of particular importance are several problems,such us,"natural"and"manmade","subjective"and"objective","disaster prevention"and"disaster relief","behavior"and"consequences","formalism"and"pragmatic".It is suggested to speed up the establishment of a natural disaster assessment system,take full account of the characteristics of natural disasters,and conduct detailed investigations into violations of laws and regulations,dereliction of duty in the prevention and control of natural disasters,so as to hold people accountable in strict accordance with laws,regulations and legal procedures,and avoid simply applying the system of accountability for work safety accidents,which will probably lead to widespread accountability.
出处
《中国应急管理科学》
2021年第9期43-50,共8页
Journal of China Emergency Management Science
关键词
自然灾害
行政问责
责任追究
调查评估
natural disaster
administrative accountability
legal liability
investigation and assessment
