摘要
基于中国裁判文书以及宏观统计数据的定量研究发现,与预期效果与理论学说观点相反的是,我国婚姻法律制度的实际实施效果导致了能动司法不能动、彩礼被扭曲以及青少年犯罪激化。其中在婚姻法司法解释三的颁布实施下,男性近年来要平均多付出约1倍的彩礼份额才能订下婚约。这表明我国现行婚姻法偏离了最优的制度设计方式。对此,适合于我国国情的最优婚姻家庭法律制度设计方式应为家庭共同财产制强化与夫妻身份关系制度强化条件下的夫妻个人财产保障制度,而不是司法解释与民法典采用的过于宽松或过于严格的制度设计方式。未来我国婚姻家庭制度的完善应从:(1)警惕"跷跷板"式的立法,避免多重过度保护与利益保护失衡;(2)建立基于沟通与协商的家事调解审判制度;(3)建立父母对1825周岁成年但尚且不能独立生活子女的抚养、教育、保护与监督制度等方面入手。
Based on the quantitative research of Chinese judicial documents and macro statistical data,it is found that,contrary to the expected effect and theoretical view,the actual implementation effect of China’s marriage legal system is that it leads to the inaction of active justice,the distortion of betrothal gifts and the intensification of juvenile delinquency.Under the promulgation and implementation of the third judicial interpretation of the marriage law,in recent years,men have to pay an average of 1 times more betrothal gifts in order to make an engagement.This shows that our current marriage law deviates from the optimal system design.In this regard,the optimal design of marriage and family legal system suitable for China’s national conditions should be the protection system of husband and wife’s personal property under the condition of strengthening the family common property system and the husband wife identity relationship system,rather than the too loose and too strict system design method adopted by the judicial interpretation and the civil code.In the future,the improvement of China’s marriage and family system should start from the following aspects:(1)guard against the"seesaw"legislation to avoid the imbalance between multiple over-protection and interest protection;(2)establishing a family mediation and trial system based on communication and negotiation;(3)establishing a system of parental support,education,protection and supervision for children aged 18-25 who are still unable to live independently.
作者
郝士铭
张乐宁
刘冠宇
HAO Shiming;ZHANG Lening;LIU Guanyu(Law School,Hunan University,410082;Department of Sociology and Criminal Justice,Saint Francis University,60431;The Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs,Syracuse University,13204)
出处
《制度经济学研究》
2021年第1期-,共24页
Research on Institutional Economics
基金
中国法学会2018年度部级研究课题“基于5万份裁判文书的我国婚约财产纠纷案件实证研究”(CLS(2018)Y11)的资助
关键词
婚姻法变迁
彩礼
嫁妆
青少年犯罪
定量实证
Changes of Marriage Law
Bride Price
Dwory
Juvenile Delinquency
Quantitative Study
