摘要
生前赠与在继承中的效力问题需要体系化及教义学解释。赠与人在交付标的物之前死亡,其继承人应当享有任意撤销权,但其任意撤销权在附有负担的赠与、为履行自然债务而为的赠与等情形下应当受到限制。死因赠与应适用遗赠之单方行为的规则。在以赠与为目的的第三人利益合同中,约定人(赠与人)行使合同解除权的,应视为在行使其对于赠与合同的任意撤销权。当受赠人不知第三人利益合同之赠与的存在时,从我国民法关于赠与之合同定性出发,赠与人与受赠人之间并未成立赠与合同,如此,尽管我国采取“第三人直接取得利益”的立法模式,但仍然存在“没有合法根据”的不当得利之返还问题。
The validity of lifetime gifts in succession requires systematization and dogmatic interpretation.The heir should enjoy the arbitrary right of revocation when the donor dies before delivering the subject matter,but the arbitrary right of revocation should be limited in the case of the gift with burden and the gift for the purpose of performing natural debt.In addition,the unilateral act of bequest shall apply to the legal acts of both parties with the donor’s death as the same condition or period.In a contract for the benefit of a third party for the purpose of the donation,the contractor(donor)exercising the rescission right of the contract shall be deemed to be exercising his right of arbitrary revocation of the gift contract.However,in some contracts for the benefit of the third party,although the purpose is a gift,in some cases,the donee often does not know the existence of the gift,so he does not enter into a gift contract with the donor.Although China adopts the legislative model of‘directly obtained by the third party’,there is still the problem of the return of unjust enrichment‘without legal basis’.
出处
《中国法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第2期229-245,共17页
China Legal Science
基金
2018年度国家社科基金重大项目“民法典编纂的内部与外部体系研究”(项目批准号:18ZDA141)的阶段性成果
