摘要
目的了解中国2010—2019年国家慢性病综合防控示范区健康促进工作的进展情况,为慢性病综合防控示范区工作的可持续和高质量发展提供科学依据。方法收集国家慢性病综合防控示范区管理信息系统中我国31个省(自治区、直辖市)和新疆生产建设兵团2010—2019年创建的483个示范区创建年和2019年的相关数据,从支持性环境创建、社区参与、个人技能发展和卫生服务方向调整4个方面对各示范区的健康促进工作进行综合评价,非正态分布数据采用M(P^(25),P^(75))进行统计描述。结果截至2019年,国家慢性病综合防控示范区支持性环境创建中健康教育活动室覆盖率为91.0%、社区宣传栏覆盖率为96.1%,社区参与中幼儿园每个班级平均健康教育课时数为6.0(6.0,10.0)个,中小学每个班级平均健康教育课时数为6.0(6.0,10.0)个,辖区平均群众健身团体个数为92.0(26.0,250.0)个,平均志愿者数为280.0(62.5,1200.0)人,有自我管理小组平均社区数为89.0(44.5,174.5)个,平均自我管理小组数为99.0(48.8,204.3)个,各区县平均自我管理小组覆盖人数为2137.0(842.5,7520.5)人,个人技能发展中健康教育讲座平均总次数为510.0(191.0,1241.0)次,慢性病核心知识平均知晓率为63.6%(57.8%,71.0%),平均健康素养水平为22.1%(17.0%,28.1%),卫生服务方向调整中健康指导员平均配备数为281.5(67.8,1207.8)人;与创建年比较,2019年第一批、第二批、第三批和第四批示范区健康教育活动室覆盖率、社区宣传栏覆盖率、幼儿园每个班级平均健康教育课时数、中小学每个班级平均健康教育课时数、平均志愿者数和平均健康素养水平与创建年比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);2019年不同区域示范区比较,不同区域示范区健康教育活动室覆盖率、社区宣传栏覆盖率、辖区平均群众健身团体个数、有自我管理小组平均社区数、平均自我管理小组数、健康教育讲座平均总次数、平均健康素养水平和健康指导员平均配备数差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);2019年不同地区示范区比较,不同地区示范区社区宣传栏覆盖率、辖区平均群众健身团体个数、有自我管理小组平均社区数、平均自我管理小组数、各区县平均自我管理小组覆盖人数、健康教育讲座平均总次数、平均健康素养水平和健康指导员平均配备数差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论中国基于示范区开展的慢性病健康促进工作取得了一定的进展,但示范区健康促进工作仍存在区域和地区的差异。
Objective To examine the progress of health promotion in China′s National Demonstration Areas for Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Chronic Diseases(NCD demonstration areas)from 2010 to 2019 for promoting sustainable and high-quality development of the demonstration areas.Methods The yearly reporting data from 2010(the year of initiation of the demonstration area)to 2019 about health promotion in the 483 demonstration areas in 31 provincial-level administrative divisions across China were collected from the National Information Management System for Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Chronic Diseases.The implementation of health promotion in each of the demonstration areas was comprehensively evaluated in four aspects:create supportive environment,community participation,personal skills development,and health services reorientation.Results By the year of 2019,the coverage rate of community room for health education was 91.0%and the coverage rate of community billboard for health education was 96.1%in the demonstration areas.At demonstration areas level,the mean number(25th percentile,75th percentile)of community-sponsored class-based health education lectures in kindergartens was 6.0(6.0,10.0);the mean number of class-based health education lectures in primary and secondary schools was 6.0(6.0,10.0);the average number of mass fitness groups was 92.0(26.0,250.0);the mean number of volunteers engaged in health promotion was 280.0(62.5,1200.0);the mean number of communities with self-management groups was 89.0(44.5,174.5);the average number of self-management groups was 99.0(48.8,204.3)and the mean number of individuals involved in a self-management group was 2137.0(842.5,7520.5);the average total number of lectures on personal health skill development was 510.0(191.0,1241.0);the average awareness rate of core knowledge on chronic diseases was 63.6%(57.8%,71.0%);the average proportion of residents with health literacy was 22.1%(17.0%,28.1%);the average number of health instructors was 281.5(67.8,1207.8)in the adjustment of health service direction.Compared to those for the year of initiation of demonstration area,significant increases in many health promotion-related indicators(the coverage rate of community room and community billboard for health education,the mean number of communitysponsored class-based health education lectures in kindergartens,the mean number of class-based health education lectures in primary and secondary schools,the mean number of volunteers engaged in health promotion,and the average proportion of residents with health literacy)were observed(all P<0.05)for all the demonstration areas except for the areas as the fifth batch of the initiation.In 2019 for all the demonstration areas,there were significant geographically regional disparities in the coverage rate of community room and community billboard for health education,the number of mass fitness groups,the number of communities with self-management groups,the average number of self-management groups,the average total number of lectures on health education,the average proportion of residents with health literacy,and the number of health instructors(P<0.05 for all);there were also significant urban-rural disparities in the coverage rate of community billboard for health education,the number of mass fitness groups,the number of communities with self-management groups,the average number of self-management groups,the mean number of individuals involved in a self-management group,the average total number of lectures on health education,the average proportion of residents with health literacy,and the number of health instructors(all P<0.05).Conclusion Some progress have been made in health promotion in China′s demonstration areas for comprehensive chronic disease prevention but there were geographically regional urban-rural disparities in the progress among the demonstration areas.
作者
杜成欣
张伟伟
徐婷玲
董文兰
董建群
蒋炜
姜莹莹
DU Chengxin;ZHANG Weiwei;XU Tingling;DONG Wenlan;DONG Jianqun;JIANG Wei;JIANG Yingying(National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China)
出处
《中国公共卫生》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第11期1369-1375,共7页
Chinese Journal of Public Health
关键词
健康促进
工作进展
国家慢性病综合防控示范区
中国
health promotion
implementation progress
National Demonstration Areas for Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Chronic Diseases
China
