摘要
古代蔓荆子的品种来源混乱,历史上牡荆属Vitex的多种植物如蔓荆单叶蔓荆、山牡荆、黄荆、牡荆等都被作为蔓荆子的药用品种使用。造成这种混乱的源头在于早期医书中不区分蔓荆子与牡荆子,将二者作为同一药物使用。自南北朝陶弘景始,医家开始在功效与来源上区分蔓荆子与牡荆子。但陶弘景颠倒了蔓荆与牡荆入药品种,唐代在《新修本草》中纠正了这一错误认识,始将单叶蔓荆定为蔓荆子的入药品种。这一观点在后代本草中得到延续,且应用较为广泛。因此,单叶蔓荆应作为蔓荆子的主流入药品种。明代《本草纲目》开始将牡荆属的另一品种蔓荆作为蔓荆子入药品种,但在古代本草著作中罕见使用,直至《中药志》将其定位蔓荆子入药品种后,被逐渐延用下来。基于上述原因,建议经典名方研发中选用单叶蔓荆Vitex trifolia var.simplicifolia作为药用品种。单叶蔓荆在全国分布广泛,以山东省为盛;蔓荆产地为我国广西、广东、云南、福建、台湾等省区。古代蔓荆子的加工炮制方法主要有生用、炒、蒸、煮以及蒸炒共制等几种方法,经典名方所使用的蔓荆子炮制方法应结合具体药物条文进行选择。
To clarify the change and development of original plants of"Manjingzi"(Viticis Fructus),a traditional Chinese medicine,we investigated Vitex species on the ancient Chinese herbal texts.The study concluded that the Vitex trifolia and V.trifolia var.simplicifolia included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 edition)are only two sources of ancient medicinal Viticis Fructus.There are many sources of vines used in ancient times,which are not fixed and unified.The early use of Viticis Fructus is likely to be the V.quinate var.quinata,V.negundo var.cannabifolia and V.negundo var.negundo.From the Tang Dynasty,the use of V.trifolia var.simplicifolia has been appeared.Until Li Shizhen of the Ming Dynasty,the V.trifolia has been used as a source of medicine for the Viticis Fructus,but even so,the source of medicinal plants of Viticis Fructus has not been unified.We suggested V.trifolia var.simplicifolia be used as mainly species for"Manjingzi"due to its widely used in ancient China.
作者
张卫
王嘉伦
唐力英
詹志来
彭华胜
杨洪军
ZHANG Wei;WANG Jia-lun;TANG Li-ying;ZHAN Zhi-lai;PENG Hua-sheng;YANG Hong-jun(Insititute of Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;College of Pharmacy,Anhui University of Chinese Medicine,Hefei 230012,China;China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)
出处
《中国中药杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第24期5503-5507,共5页
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC1702303)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费(EXKT17017).
关键词
蔓荆子
植物基原
炮制
本草考证
Viticis Fructus
original species
drug processing
herbal textual research
