摘要
目的观察和评价青海省玉树市围栏式定点投放驱虫药饵控制棘球蚴病犬科传染源感染效果,为当地野外犬科传染源控制策略制定提供依据。方法2017-2018年,在青海省玉树藏族自治州玉树市选择巴塘乡(干预组)和隆宝镇(对照组)2处人群定居点周边犬科动物活动频繁区域,采用无人机定点定位功能,在巴塘乡按照半径为300 m划定内圈栏,600 m划定外圈栏(总面积为1.44km^(2)),内外栏内均以间隔20 m等距投放4~8粒驱虫药饵(吡喹酮含量50mg/粒);在隆宝镇选择同等面积的犬科传染源群频繁出没点,不实行投药干预。在两个区域内按东南西北4个方位沿直线收集所有视野范围内的野生动物粪便,通过形态辨析法初步辨别采集的粪便类型,ELISA检测棘球绦虫粪抗原。于2018年5-10月在两个区域设置50 m×50 m调查样方各2个,采用布夹法调查两个区域内小型啮齿动物数量,采取棘球绦虫线粒体cox1基因PCR扩增与测序方法了解感染虫种的状况。结果在干预组巴塘乡360个点共投放驱虫药饵23000余粒,采集犬粪227份,粪抗原阳性率3.08%;在对照组隆宝镇共采集犬粪245份,粪抗原阳性率7.35%,干预组和对照组犬粪抗原阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与巴塘乡犬基线感染率14.00%(7/50)和隆宝镇感染率7.89%(3/38)相比,巴塘乡犬粪抗原阳性率显著下降(P<0.05),隆宝镇无显著变化(P>0.05)。巴塘乡小型啮齿动物带绦虫属(含棘球绦虫)平均感染率8.62%(15/174),隆宝镇5.31%(6/113),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);青海田鼠中未发现棘球蚴感染;高原鼠兔的棘球蚴平均感染率为2.08%(3/144),为石渠棘球绦虫,其中巴塘乡感染率为1.75%(1/57),隆宝镇感染率为2.30%(2/87),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),与巴塘乡基线感染率7.29%(11/96)和隆宝镇感染率2.35%(4/85)相比,巴塘乡感染率显著下降(P<0.05),隆宝镇无显著变化(P>0.05)。结论采用围栏式定点投放驱虫药饵能够降低人群定居点周边棘球蚴病终宿主犬科动物的传播风险,建议进一步精确调整,覆盖重点区域,持续进行干预并辅助实施灭鼠措施。
Objective To provide a reference for the implementation of strategies to control wild canines as a source of infection by evaluating the effectiveness of anthelmintic bait delivery in an enclosure in areas where echinococcosis is highly endemic.Methods Since wild canines are often active in Yushu City in Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Qinghai Province,subjects were wild canines in Batang and Longbao townships from 2017-2018.One group of canines served as the experimental group and another served as the control group.In Batang Township(experimental group),anthelmintic baits were delivered in an inner enclosure with a radius of 300 m and an outer enclosure with a radius of 600 m(total area:1.44 km^(2)).In addition,drones were used to record the delivery sites.Four to 8 pellets of anthelmintic bait(each containing 50 mg of praziquantel)were delivered at 20-m intervals inside the inner and outer enclosures every month.Feces of wildlife were collected along a straight line in four directions(east,south,west,and north).In Longbao Township(the control group),an equal area was selected and feces of wildlife were collected but baits were not delivered.All of the collected feces were preliminarily identified via morphological discrimination,and ELISA was used to determine positivity for antigens in feces.In addition,small rodent intermediate hosts in the two townships were tested for infection from May to October 2018.Mouse traps were used to trap small rodents in an area of 50 m×50 m in the two locations.All trapped rodents were sacrificed to examine their organs for hydatid cyst infection.Animal species were identified morphologically,DNA was extracted from liver tissue and lesions using kits,the mitochondrial cox1 gene of Echinococcus was amplified using PCR,and the species of parasite was determined after sequencing.Results In Batang Township,360 sites were selected for delivery of more than 23000 baits(including loss).A total of 227 fecal samples were collected in Batang Township and 245 fecal samples were collected in Longbao Township;feces tested positive for antigens at a rate of 3.08%in the former and 7.35%in the latter(P<0.05).The average rate of infection with Taenia spp.was 8.62%(15/174)in Batang Township and 5.31%(6/113)in Longbao Township(P>0.05).Infection with E.shiquicus was not detected in groups of Qinghai voles,while the average rate of hydatid cyst infection was 2.08%(3/144)in plateau pika.The rate of hydatid cyst infection was 1.75%(1/57)in Batang Township and 2.30%(2/87)in Longbao Township.The rate of infection decreased significantly in Batang Township(P<0.05)but did not change in Longbao Township(P>0.05)in comparison to the baseline.Conclusion Bait delivery to wildlife in an enclosure is effective at reducing the risk of transmission by terminal hosts of echinococcosis around human settlements.However,the risk of echinococcosis transmission in the wild can be further mitigated by making precise adjustments to cover key areas,by sustained interventions,and by implementing supplementary rodent control.
作者
宋成玺
余晴
陈木新
王旭
韩帅
艾琳
SONG Cheng-xi;YU Qing;CHEN Mu-xin;WANG Xu;HAN Shuai;AI Lin(The Center for Disease Control and Prevention of YushuAutonomous Prefecture,Yushu,Qinghai 815000,China;National Institute of Parasitic Diseases,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research),NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases,National Centerfor International Research on Tropical Diseases;NHC Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control)
出处
《中国病原生物学杂志》
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第11期1285-1289,共5页
Journal of Pathogen Biology
基金
国家包虫病综合示范项目(No.201704,201801)
国家卫生健康委包虫病防治研究重点实验室项目(No.2020WZK2002)
中山大学热带病防治研究教育部重点实验室开放基金(No.2019kfkt02)
中国医学科学院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(No.2019PT320004)
关键词
棘球蚴病
传播风险
围栏式投药干预措施
效果评价
echinococcosis
wild canids
drug administration in an enclosure
evaluation of effectiveness
