摘要
在加入《非物质文化遗产保护公约》后,秘鲁政府制定了简洁、灵活的非物质文化遗产保护制度。作为印加传统饮食文化空间的皮坎特里亚进入秘鲁的《国家文化遗产宣言》名录,是一个有着文化自觉的大学教师团队推动的结果。在社会分化、传承人生存境遇堪忧的背景下,库斯科省的文化部门充当桥接者的角色,将外来的、宏观的非遗保护图式内化为地方社会的知识系谱与表述体系,实现对底层的、边缘的传承人的动员,推动着传承人文化自觉的生成。知识分子、文化部门、传承人和社会大众等多元主体,在对皮坎特里亚保护的实践中联结起来,在相互启蒙、更新遗产认知的同时配合协作,共同推动遗产保护体系的建立。秘鲁社会的非遗保护是以遗产为核心的地方社会网络体系重构的过程,呈现出鲜明的去中心化的权力特征,由此使得非物质文化遗产保护超越了文化实践的意涵,具备推动社会变革的意义。
After joining in the Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage,the government of Peru has developed a concise and flexible system for protecting intangible cultural heritage.Picantería,the Inca traditional food cultural space,listed into Peru’s National Cultural Heritage Declaration thanks for the promotion of a team led by university teachers with cultural self-consciousness.Under the background of social differentiation and the worrisome living situation of inheritors,the cultural department of Cuzco in Peru acted its role as a bridge,while internalizing the external,macro-level intangible cultural heritage protection scheme into local society’s knowledge genealogy and expression system,so as to mobilize the grass-roots inheritors and promote the generation of cultural self-consciousness.Multiple subjects such as intellectuals,cultural departments,inheritors and the general public are connected in the practice of Picantería protection,and they also enlighten each other and update the cognition of the heritage to jointly explore the establishment of the heritage protection system.The protection of intangible cultural heritage in Peruvian society is a process of reconstruction of the local social network system with heritage as the core,with distinct characteristics of decentralized power,which allows the protection of intangible cultural heritage to go beyond the meaning of cultural practice and boast the significance in promoting social reform.
作者
张青仁
杨慧云
ZHANG Qing-ren;YANG Hui-yun(School of Ethnology and Sociology,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081)
出处
《中央民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第3期91-98,共8页
Journal of Minzu University of China(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“‘一带一路’沿线各国民族志研究及数据库建设”(项目编号:17ZDA155)的阶段性成果
关键词
联结主义
文化实践
皮坎特里亚
非物质文化遗产保护
connectionism
cultural practice
Picantería
intangible cultural heritage protection
